Supplementation with macular carotenoids reduces psychological stress,serum cortisol,and sub-optimal symptoms of physical and emotional health in young adults |
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Authors: | Nicole Tressa Stringham Philip V Holmes James M Stringham |
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Institution: | 1. Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;2. Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;3. Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA |
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Abstract: | Purpose: Oxidative stress and systemic inflammation are the root cause of several deleterious effects of chronic psychological stress. We hypothesize that the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capabilities of the macular carotenoids (MCs) lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin could, via daily supplementation, provide a dietary means of benefit.Methods: A total of 59 young healthy subjects participated in a 12-month, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the effects of MC supplementation on blood cortisol, psychological stress ratings, behavioural measures of mood, and symptoms of sub-optimal health. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three groups: placebo, 13?mg, or 27?mg / day total MCs. All parameters were assessed at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Serum MCs were determined via HPLC, serum cortisol via ELISA, and macular pigment optical density (MPOD) via customized heterochromatic flicker photometry. Behavioural data were obtained via questionnaire.Results: Significant baseline correlations were found between MPOD and Beck anxiety scores (r?=??0.28; P?=?0.032), MPOD and Brief Symptom Inventory scores (r?=?0.27; P?=?0.037), and serum cortisol and psychological stress scores (r?=?0.46; P?0.001). Supplementation for 6 months improved psychological stress, serum cortisol, and measures of emotional and physical health (P?0.05 for all), versus placebo. These outcomes were either maintained or improved further at 12 months.Conclusions: Supplementation with the MCs significantly reduces stress, cortisol, and symptoms of sub-optimal emotional and physical health. Determining the basis for these effects, whether systemic or a more central (i.e. brain) is a question that warrants further study. |
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Keywords: | Lutein Zeaxanthin Macular pigment Stress Cortisol Anxiety Depression Health |
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