农村孕产期保健服务需求的定性分析

目的:从需方角度分析中部地区农村孕产期保健的服务需求及其影响因素。方法:采用定性研究的半结构式访谈方法,对当地分管卫生工作的县长,卫生局长、人口与计划生育委员会主任、妇联主任、新型农村合作医疗办公室主任进行个人深入访谈,对乡镇卫生院院长、医护人员、乡村医生、计划生育工作者和3年内有分娩史的育龄妇女进行焦点小组访谈。访谈内容包括农村孕产期保健服务的现况,育龄妇女的孕产期保健服务需求及其影响因素。结果:当地产前检查工作中早孕检查率较低,高危妊娠管理欠佳;产妇基本住院分娩,但产后访视流于形式。孕产妇希望孕产期保健服务质量能够提高。医疗技术低和保健意识薄弱对当地农村孕产妇的保健需求产生主要影响,经济、交通等影响因素次之。结论:农村育龄妇女对孕产期保健服务有强烈的需求,提高孕产期保健服务能力和完善医疗保障体制是满足农村妇女孕产期保健服务需求的关键。

The qualitative study on demands of maternal health services in rural areas

Objective:To study the situation of rural maternity health services and influencing factors from the point of view of demanders in central china.Methods:Semi-structured interview was used to visit those people,including the county head,the board of health director,the population and family planning committee director,the women unite director and the director of cooperative medical service,who were responsible for the native sanitation tasks.The focus group discussion was used to interview the dean of the township hospital,doctors and nurses,the family planning operators,and the women who had delivered in recent three years.The interview contents involved the current situation and demands of maternal health services in rural areas and the influencing factors.Results:The rate of prenatal checkup was low,the risk approach was poor managed.Hospital delivery was implemented basically but postpartum visit was a mere formality.Pregnant women in rural areas hoped to improve the quality of maternal health service.The poor medical technology and weak consciousness were the main influencing factors.Economic and traffic factors took second place.Conclusion:Under the efforts of the social policies,there are strong demands of MCH in rural areas.To improve the maternal health services and enhance the abilities of rural medical security system is key to further satisfy the demands of MCH.