吴江地区胎儿宫内汞暴露现状及高危因素

目的:研究吴江地区胎儿宫内汞暴露的现状以及影响脐带血汞值的各种高危因素。方法:采取整群法对入院产妇进行健康因素问卷调查,所分娩的新生儿(除多胎、出生缺陷外)做脐带血汞测定。结果:2 496例新生儿脐血汞均值为(2.02±1.97)μg/kg,其中男婴(1 287例)为(2.01±1.99)μg/kg,女婴(1 209例)为(2.04±1.94)μg/kg,性别间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。4～6月、10～12月分娩新生儿的脐带血汞均值明显高于1～3月、7～9月(P<0.01)。经多因素回归分析,居住环境、工种、较多食用海鱼或河鱼、镶牙、生活燃煤、化妆品使用、丈夫抽烟等与脐血汞值呈显著正相关。结论:除治理工业排放污染、加强涉汞工种劳动保护外,孕期避免生活中各种汞接触高危因素同样重要。

The current situation and high risk factors of intrauterine mercury exposure of fetuses in Wujiang region

Objective:To research the current situation of intrauterine mercury exposure of fetuses in Wujiang region and the high risk factors affecting mercury levels in umbilical cord blood.Methods:Cluster sampling method was used in the study,and the lying-in women were surveyed by a questionnaire about health factors,then the levels of mercury in umbilical cord blood samples of the neonates born by them were detected.Results:The average level of mercury in umbilical cord blood samples of 2 496 neonates was(2.02±1.97) μg/kg.The average levels of mercury in umbilical cord blood samples of 1 287 male neonates and 1 209 female neonates were(2.01±1.99) μg/kg and(2.04±1.94) μg/kg,respectively,there was no significant difference between male neonates and female neonates(P>0.05).The average levels of mercury in umbilical cord blood samples of the neonates born during April～June and October～December were significantly higher than those born during January～March and July～September(P<0.01).Multivariate regression analysis revealed that living environment,professions,excessive intakes of marine fish or river fish,dental prosthetics,coal usage,using cosmetics,smoking of husbands were positively correlated with levels of mercury in umbilical cord blood samples.Conclusion:It is important to avoid the risk factors of mercury exposure besides managing industry pollution and strengthening the protection of types of work in production referring to mercury.