广州市越秀区妇女产褥期生活行为与健康状况调查

目的:了解广州市越秀区妇女产褥期健康状况,探讨影响产褥期健康的生活行为因素。方法:抽取广州市越秀区出生>42天、1岁以内小儿母亲共1 020名作为调查对象,进行面对面的回顾性问卷调查,获得有效问卷1 007份。结果:妇女产褥期后体重和体质指数均显著高于孕前(P<0.001)。80.4%的妇女产后血性恶露持续时间超过14天。72.7%的妇女产褥期患有1种以上的病症,且以腰背痛(48.4%)、便秘(20.0%)、乳房肿胀(19.5%)、痔疮(12.6%)、关节痛(10.5%)和小腿抽筋(10.0%)等病症较常见。多元回归分析显示,每天卧床休息12～18 h是血性恶露时间延长的保护因素,每天睡眠不足8 h、卧床超过18 h分别是产褥期体重滞留和腰腿痛的危险因素;妇女产褥期经常做家务是影响产褥期恶露排出和腰腿痛的危险因素,而经常晒太阳、纯母乳喂养则是保护因素;此外,经常做产褥期保健操是产褥期体重滞留的保护因素。结论:越秀区妇女产褥期存在较多健康问题,这些健康问题与其产褥期生活行为有关;纠正不合理的生活行为,可以帮助妇女更健康地度过产褥期。

Investigation on the living behavior and health status of the women during puerperium in Yuexiu district of Guangzhou city

Objective:To understand the health status of the women during puerperium in Yuexiu district of Guangzhou city,explore the living behavioral factors of the women during puerperium.Methods:A total of 1 020 women whose infants were 42 days-one year were selected from Yuexiu district of Guangzhou city as respondents,a face-to-face and retrospective questionnaire survey was conducted,1 007 valid questionnaires were retrieved.Results:The body weight and body mass index(BMI) of the women during puerperium were significantly higher than those before pregnancy(P<0.001).The duration time of bloody lochia of 80.4% of the women after delivery was more than 14 days.More than one kind of diseases were found in 72.7% of the women,the common diseases included back pain(48.4%),constipation(20.0%),breast swelling(19.5%),haemorrhoids(12.6%),arthralgia(10.5%),and crural clonus(10.0%).The results of multivariate regression analysis showed that staying in bed for 12-18 hours every day was a protective factor of prolonged bloody lochia;the sleeping time less than 8 hours every day and staying in bed more than 18 hours were the risk factors of weight retention and lumbocrural pain,respectively;doing housework frequently during puerperium was the risk factor of affecting the discharge of lochia and lumbocrural pain,while sunning frequently and pure breastfeeding were protective factors;in addition,doing health exercises frequently during puerperium was a protective factor of weight retention.Conclusion:The women during puerperium in Yuexiu district suffer from many health problems,which are related to the living behavior of the women during puerperium;correcting unreasonable living behavior can help the women get through puerperium healthily.