15省6岁以下儿童两周内患病影响因素分析

目的 了解我国15省6岁以下儿童两周患病的影响因素,为儿童疾病的预防、保健措施的制定提供依据.方法 通过分层随机抽样在全国15个省抽取42780名6岁以下儿童,采用家长问卷进行调查,以单因素卡方检验和多因素非条件Logistic回归方法 分析影响儿童两周患病的主要原因.结果 儿童两周患病情况与性别、年龄、城乡、地区、母亲文化程度、家庭年收入、家人吸烟、出生方式及孕周有关.女童两周患病的风险是男童的0.9倍(95%CI:0.891~0.996,均P<0.05),0岁组儿童患病风险最高,城市儿童两周患病的风险是农村儿童的1.4倍(95%CI:1.317~1.488,均P<0.05),东、西部地区儿童两周患病风险均高于中部地区、家庭年收入≤3万元的儿童两周患病的风险较高,家人吸烟、剖宫产、早产和过期产可增加儿童两周患病的风险.结论 儿童健康受社会、家庭等多重环境的影响,改变城市和地区不良社会及环境因素,提高家长对儿童常见病的识别及保护能力,加强围产期保健,有利于促进儿童健康发展.

Analysis of influencing factors of illness within two weeks in children under six years old in fifteen provinces

Objective To get to know the influencing factors of illness within two weeks in children under 6 years old in 15 provinces in China, and to provide evidences for the formulation of disease prevention and health care measures for children.Methods A total of 42780 cases of children less than 6 years old in 15 provinces were collected through stratified random sampling.Survey was conducted through parent questionnaire.Main causes of disease within two weeks in children were analyzed through single factor chi-square test and multi-factor unconditional Logistic regression analysis.Results Children' s prevalence of diseases within two weeks were related to gender, age, living conditions like town or city, district, mother' s educational level, annual household income, smoking status of relatives, way of birth and gestational weeks.The risk of disease within two weeks in girls was 0.9 times that in boys (95%CI ranged from 0.891 to 0.996, all P<0.05).The risk of disease reached its peak in neonates.The disease risk within two weeks in urban children was 1.4 times that in rural children (95%CI ranged from 1.317 to 1.488, all P<0.05).Children living in east and west part of China had higher disease risk than those living in the middle part of China.Besides, as for children whose family' s annual household income was less than or equal to 30,000 Yuan had relatively higher risk of disease within two weeks.Factors like smoking of the family members, cesarean delivery, premature delivery and postterm delivery could increase the disease risk within two weeks in children.Conclusion Children' s health is affected by multiple environments such as society and family.To improve the adverse social and environmental factors in the city and district, to increase parents' ability to recognize and protect their children from common diseases and to enhance perinatal health care are beneficial to the healthy development of children.