孕期营养状况对18月龄幼儿行为发育的影响

目的 探讨陕西省农村18月龄幼儿的行为发育特点,以及母亲孕期营养状况对幼儿行为发育的影响.方法 运用贝利婴幼儿发展量表于2006年9月至2007年9月对245名陕西省农村18月龄幼儿的行为表现进行测查.采用探索性因子分析其行为发育特点;运用方差分析探讨行为发育对智力和运动发育的影响;采用两独立样本t检验和方差分析,探讨母亲孕期营养及贫血情况对18月龄幼儿行为发育的影响,并采用一般线性模型(GLM)对可能的混杂因素进行调整.结果 对25个行为条目进行探索性因子分析,共提取出了7个公因子,分别为:活动性、社会适应性、正性情绪、反应性、负性情绪、目标定向和协调性,总的方差贡献率为61.044%.幼儿的活动性及目标定向性行为的得分越高,其智力发展指数得分也越高,差异有统计学意义(F=21.179,Pa=0.018;F=13.363,Pa=0.023);幼儿负性情绪得分越高,其运动发展指数得分越高(F=3.916,Pa=0.019).母亲孕期贫血会影响幼儿的正性情绪,母亲孕期营养不良会使幼儿的活动性、目标定向及协调性的行为表现得分降低.孕期补充较多微量营养素的母亲,其幼儿的协调性表现较好(t=-1.206,Pa=0.012).结论 孕期微量营养素的足量补充能够促进幼儿良好的行为发育.将孕期的营养教育及营养指导纳入到常规的妇幼保健管理工作中,有助于儿童行为的健康发展.

Influence of maternal nutrition status on behavior development of infants at 18 months of age

Objective To explore the behavior development characteristics of infants at the age of 18 months in rural areas of Shaanxi Province and the effect of maternal nutrition status during pregnancy on them. Methods The survey was carried out among 245 infants at 18 months of age between September 2006 and September 2007 in rural areas of Shaanxi Province. Behavior development was assessed with Bayley Scales of Infant Development ( BSID) . Behavior development characteristics were analyzed by exploratory Factor analysis. Analysis of Variance ( ANOVA ) was performed to explore the relationship between infant behavior and mental and psychomotor development. Independent-samples T Test and ANOVA were performed to explore the influence of maternal nutrition status and maternal anemia status during pregnancy on behavior of infants. General linear model was used to adjust the possible confounding factors. Results Seven of 25 rating scales were extracted, and they were activity, social adaptability, positive emotion, reactivity, negative emotion, goal-orientation and coordination. These factors accounted for 61. 044% variation. The higher the scores of activity and goal-orientation factors, the higher the scores of mental development index (MDI). There was statistical significance (F=21. 179,Pa =0. 018;F=13. 363,Pa =0. 023). The higher the score of negative emotion, the higher the score of psychomotor development index (PDI) (F=3. 916,Pa =0. 019). Maternal anemia affected infants' positive emotion, and maternal malnutrition during pregnancy led to low scores of infant behavior of activity, goal-orientation and coordination. Adequate micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy could prove infants' coordination ( t= -1. 206, Pa =0. 012). Conclusion Micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy will improve infants' behavior development. Maternal nutrition education and guidance should be recruited in routine manage work of maternal and child health care, which is helpful in improving infant behavior development.