妇产科护理人员职业暴露现状分析

目的 了解妇产科护士职业暴露及自我防护现状,分析发生原因,探讨防范对策.方法 2014年5至6月采用自行设计问卷,对本市5所医院150名妇产科护士的职业暴露及防护状况进行了调查,调查内容包括基本情况、职业暴露情况及防护情况等.结果 调查结果显示,有职业暴露经历的为91人(62.07%),其中生物性因素来源占41.76%,化学性因素来源占12.09%,物理性因素来源占35.16%,心理社会性因素来源占10.99%.绝大多数护士在工作中都能注重自我防护,其中采取A级防护的占49.66%,B级防护的占44.83%,C级防护的占5.52%.近1年内职业暴露结果用Fisher确切概率法检验显示,职业暴露频率与工作年限、自我防护显著相关(均P<0.01),而与学历程度无相关性(χ2=2.49,P>0.05).结论 妇产科护士面临的职业暴露风险大,职业防护意识较差,应加强对妇产科护理人员职业防护知识培训,落实标准预防措施,以有效降低妇产科护士的职业暴露风险.

Occupational exposure status of nurses in gynecology and obstetrics department

Objective To understand occupational exposure and self-protection status of nurses in department of gynecology and obstetrics so as to analyze its causes and explore countermeasures.Methods Using self-designed questionnaire, a survey on occupational exposure and prevention measures of 150 nurses in department of gynecology and obstetrics from 5 hospitals in Xi''an was carried out.Survey content included basic situation, occupational exposure status and protection situation.Results Survey results showed that 91 nurses experienced occupational exposure (62.07%), including exposure with biological factors (41.76%), chemical factors (12.09%), physical factors (35.16%), psychosocial factors (10.99%).Most nurses paid attention to self-protection in their work, with 49.66% of nurses taking A level protection, 44.83% taking B level protection and 5.52% taking C level protection.Occupational exposure results within last year verified by Fisher''s exact probability showed that occupational exposure frequency was significantly correlated with working years and self-protection (both P<0.01) but not correlated with education degree (χ2=2.49, P>0.05).Conclusion Nurses in department of gynecology and obstetrics confront with great occupational exposure risks and have poor awareness of occupational protection.Therefore, training on occupational protection knowledge should be strengthened among nurses in department of gynecology and obstetrics, and standard preventive measures should be implemented to effectively reduce the risks of occupational exposure.