郑州市居民恶性肿瘤防治健康素养调查

目的 了解郑州市居民恶性肿瘤防治健康素养水平现状和需求,并分析其影响因素,为开展和制定居民恶性肿瘤预防和控制相关卫生政策提供参考依据。方法 以多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,于2020年6月至2021年3月抽取郑州市≥18岁的居民进行肿瘤防治健康素养问卷调查,并根据纳入对象的社会人口学特征和资料分析其相关影响因素。结果 共纳入3 218名调查对象,43.04%的城市居民具备肿瘤防治健康素养。其中肿瘤预防意识和早发现早诊断早治疗意识（“三早”意识）的健康素养具备率分别为65.12%和37.61%。多因素分析结果显示,女性（OR=1.857）、年龄（OR=0.803）、文化程度（OR=1.296、1.204、1.415）、职业状况（OR=1.156、0.787）、家庭年收入（OR=1.230、1.391、1.528）、患恶性肿瘤（OR=2.812）和接受肿瘤防治教育（OR=3.908）是郑州市居民肿瘤防治健康素养水平的影响因素。结论 郑州市居民恶性肿瘤防治健康素养水平较低,且该地区居民恶性肿瘤预防意识和“三早”意识相对失衡,肿瘤防治工作者应重点加强居民的“三早”意识宣教,并综合考虑患者的社会人口学特征,重点关注高危人群,开展针对性防治健康教育。

Investigation on health literacy of malignant tumor prevention and treatment among residents in Zhengzhou

Objective To understand the current situation of health literacy of malignant tumor prevention and treatment and demands among residents in Zhengzhou, and analyze its influencing factors, so as to provide reference for developing and formulating health policies related to cancer prevention and treatment. Methods Using the multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method, residents aged ≥ 18 years old in Zhengzhou were selected to conduct a questionnaire survey on tumor prevention and health literacy from June 2020 to March 2021, and the relevant influencing factors were analyzed according to the sociodemographic characteristics and data of the included objects. Results A total of 3 218 respondents were included, of which 43.04% had basic health literacy of tumor prevention and treatment. The health literacy rates of tumor prevention awareness and the awareness of early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment （“three early” awareness） were 65.12% and 37.61% respectively. The results of multivariate analysis showed that female （OR=1.857）, age （OR=0.803）, educational level （OR=1.296, 1.204, 1.415）, occupational status （OR=1.156, 0.787）, annual family income （OR=1.230, 1.391, 1.528）, suffering from malignant tumors （OR=2.812） and the education of tumor prevention and treatment （OR=3.908） were influencing factors of the health literacy level of tumor prevention and treatment in Zhengzhou. Conclusion The health literacy level of malignant tumor prevention and treatment of residents in Zhengzhou is low. Moreover, the awareness of malignant tumor prevention and “three early” awareness are relatively unbalanced. Medical workers should focus on strengthening the “three early” awareness education of residents, comprehensively consider the sociodemographic characteristics of patients, focus on high-risk groups, and carry out targeted health education of prevention and treatment.