我国二类疫苗集中采购程序及核心要素分析

目的：分析二类疫苗集中采购的基础性政策，揭示疫苗采购的主要程序与核心要素，以期提出优化建议。方法：运用内容分析法，进行词频统计与共现网络构建，结合对比分析法，总结各省份二类疫苗采购的共性与差异。结果：我国二类疫苗集中采购程序包括规划、遴选、执行，共涉及采购目录、采购公告、疫苗接收与购入等17个核心要素。其中，集中采购周期以1年为主，疫苗报价大部分参考各省份的价格水平，定标时主要采取评审模式。结论：各省份二类疫苗集中采购程序与框架一致，采购环境趋于公开、规范，应完善二类疫苗监测与评价、深化遴选标准、健全评审人才队伍等，促进我国二类疫苗采购良性发展。

Study on the Centralized Procurement Procedures and Core Elements of the Non-Immunization Program Vaccines

Objective: To analyze the basic policy texts of centralized procurement of non-immunization program vaccines, reveal the main procedures and core elements of vaccine procurement, and propose optimization suggestions. Methods: The content analysis method is used to conduct word frequency statistics and co-occurrence network construction. Combined with the comparative analysis method, the commonalities and differences in the procurement of non-immunization program vaccines in different regions are summarized. Results: The centralized procurement procedures for non-immunization program vaccines include planning, selection and implement. It involves 17 core elements including procurement catalogs, vaccine announcement, and vaccine reception. Among them, the centralized procurement cycle is mainly 1 year, and most vaccine quotation is based on reference of the surrounding provinces, the evaluation is mainly on expert review. Conclusion: The centralized procurement procedures and frameworks of the non-immunization program vaccines are consistent, and the procurement environment tends to be open and standardized. The monitoring and evaluation of the non-immunization program vaccines should be improved, the selection criteria should be deepened, and the evaluation talent team should be improved to promote the healthy development of the vaccine procurement.