新方向、新理念、新挑战：实体瘤内免疫治疗技术的前世今生

近年来肿瘤免疫治疗迅速发展，极大地改善了许多实体瘤患者的预后。但并非所有实体瘤患者都能产生持久的反 应，且其疗效也受到免疫治疗相关不良反应的限制。目前，实体瘤内免疫治疗作为一种局部免疫治疗手段越来越受到关注。本 文首先介绍当前实体瘤的免疫治疗研究现状，分析了实体瘤内免疫治疗这一新兴治疗手段在减少药物的系统性暴露及其不良反 应、增强肿瘤免疫原性、克服肿瘤异质性等方面的显著优势，然后就目前可用于实体瘤内免疫治疗的药物及其应用进展进行了简 要地归纳，最后从疗效评价、具体实施等方面总结了实体瘤内免疫治疗所面临的挑战与对策，以期达到对实体瘤内免疫治疗理念 的推广和普及作用。

New directions, new concepts, new challenges: the past and present of intratumoral immunotherapy for solid tumors

Cancer immunotherapy has developed at a rapid pace in recent years and has significantly improved the prognosis of many patients with solid tumors. However, not all the patients produce a durable response, and its efficacy is often limited by immunotherapy-related toxicity. Currently, intratumoral immunotherapy is receiving increased attention as a tool for local immunotherapy. In this paper, we first introduce the current research status of immunotherapy in solid tumor and analyze the significant advantages of intratumoral immunotherapy in reducing systemic drug exposure and its adverse effects, enhancing tumor immunogenicity, and overcoming tumor heterogeneity based on the current status of immunotherapy of solid tumors; then, we briefly summarize the currently available drugs for intratumoral immunotherapy and the progress on their application; and finally, we also summarize the challenges and countermeasures faced by intratumoral immunotherapy in terms of efficacy evaluation and implementation, in order to promote and popularize the concept of intratumoral immunotherapy for solid tumors.