骨肉瘤动物模型的构建及其应用现状

骨肉瘤是一种具有高度局部复发和远处转移倾向的原发性恶性骨肿瘤,多见于儿童及青少年1].目前,尽管采用了加强化疗和适当的手术切除,仍有30%﹪～40%﹪的患者死于该疾病,其中肺转移是主要原因2].建立接近人类骨肉瘤临床特征的肿瘤动物模型,对于研究骨肉瘤及寻找新的治疗方法具有重要的现实意义.

The establishment of the osteosarcoma animal model and its application

Osteosarcoma is a type of relatively common primary malignant bone tumor in clinic which frequently occurs in children and adolescents. It is hard to cure thoroughly due to its high malignancy. Experimental animal model is 1 of the most important approaches for the research of human diseases. It will be beneficial to explore the pathogenesis, metastasis and drug resistance mechanism of osteosarcoma and to evaluate the therapeutic effect through the research of the animal model of osteosarcoma. 3 influence elements including experimental animal, cell line for transplantation and graft site should be taken into account when building the osteosarcoma animal model. The tumorigenesis rate and pulmonary metastasis rate of the osteosarcoma animal model constructed by different cell lines transplantated are distinctly not the same. Higher tumorigenesis rate and pulmonary metastasis rate can be found in orthotopic implantation model comparing with heterotopic transplantation model. At the same time, the biological characteristics of transplantable tumor obtained by orthotopic implantation resemble clinical features of human osteosarcoma. Hence, it can imitate human disease more efficiently. At present, the application of osteosarcoma animal model is mainly composed of tumor morphological observation, metastasis mechanism research, interaction mechanism between different cells and the assessment of therapeutic effects. This article mainly reviews how to establish the osteosarcoma animal model, the comparison between different methods to build the model and their specific applications.