Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Emerging therapeutic strategies |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of General Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham Queen Elizabeth, Birmingham, UK;2. Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, UK;3. Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States;4. Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA;5. Department of Surgery, Arrowhead Regional Cancer Center, California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, CA, USA;6. Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States;1. Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Yamaguchi Ube Medical Center, 685 Higashikiwa Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-0241, Japan;2. Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Yamaguchi Ube Medical Center, 685 Higashikiwa Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-0241, Japan;3. Department of Pathology, KYURIN/ KYURIN PACELL Corporation, 26-67 Morishita-cho, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 806-0046, Japan;4. Department of Pathology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan;1. Department of Medical Oncology, Medipol University, Medipol Bahçelievler Hospital, 34384, Istanbul, Turkey;2. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yuzuncu Yil University Medical School, 65030, Van, Turkey;3. Department of Medical Oncology, Van Research and Training Hospital, Van, Turkey;4. Department of Medical Oncology, Yuzuncu Yil University Medical School, 65030, Van, Turkey;5. Department of General Surgery, Yuzuncu Yil University Medical School, Van, Turkey;1. Division of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan;2. Department of Surgery, Kobe City Nishi-Kobe Medical Center, Kobe, Japan;1. Division of General and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA;2. Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA;1. Department of Surgery, University of L''Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital, L''Aquila, Italy;2. Department of Life, Health &Environmental Sciences, University of L''Aquila, L''Aquila, Italy |
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| Abstract: | The seventh leading cause of cancer-related death globally, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) involves the exocrine pancreas and constitutes greater than 90% of all pancreatic cancers. Surgical resection in combination with systemic chemotherapy with or without radiation remains the mainstay of treatment and the only potentially curative treatment option. While there has been improvement in systemic chemotherapy, long-term survival among patients with PDAC remains poor. Improvement in the understanding of tumorigenesis, genetic mutations, the tumor microenvironment (TME), immunotherapies, as well as targeted therapies continued to drive advances in PDAC treatment. We herein review the TME, genetic landscape, as well as various metabolic pathways associated with PDAC tumorigenesis relative to emerging therapies. |
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| Keywords: | Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Therapeutics Immunotherapy Biological agents |
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