肾脏囊性肿物的超声影像学特征及临床研究进展

肾脏囊性肿物仅占全部肾肿物病变的15%，多数恶性肾脏囊性肿物的侵袭性较弱，其死亡率远低于恶性肾脏实性肿物。影像学诊断的不统一导致许多肾脏囊性肿物中的良性病变和惰性肿瘤被切除，造成了不必要的外科伤害。Bosniak分级系统是基于CT来区分肾脏囊性肿物的恶性程度，指导临床实践，并被广泛应用。随着超声技术的革新，采用Bosniak分级系统诊断肾脏囊性肿物取得良好的临床效果。本文将就常规超声、超声造影和超微血流显像技术结合Bosniak分级系统，对肾脏囊性肿物的影像学表现及临床处理原则进行综述。 

Advances in ultrasound imaging and clinical studies of cystic renal masses

Cystic renal masses account for only 15%of all renal masses,and most malignant cystic renal masses are less invasive,with a mortality rate far lesser than that of malignant solid renal masses.Inconsistency in imaging diagnosis leads to the removal of many benign and inert masses,thereby causing unnecessary surgical injury.The Bosniak classification system is based on computed tomography findings to categorize the degree of malignancy of cystic renal masses and guide clinical practice,and this system is widely used.With the innovation of ultrasound technology,the application of the Bosniak classification system in the diagnosis of cystic renal masses has good clinical value.This study reviews the diagnosis and clinical treatment principles based on the Bosniak classification system for cystic renal masses using ultrasound,contrast-enhanced ultrasound,and superb microvascular imaging(SMI).