1 058 例食管良性肿瘤临床病理特征*

目的:探讨食管良性肿瘤临床病理特征。方法:1 058 例食管良性肿瘤均来自 1973 年1 月至 2015 年1 月郑州大学第一附属医院河南省食管癌重点开放实验室 50 万例食管和贲门癌生物样本和临床信息数据库。采用 SPSS 21 .0 软件进行统计学分析。结果:本组 50 万例数据库中，临床病理信息完整的食管肿瘤患者共249 246 例，食管良性肿瘤占 0.42 %（1058 /249 246），其中男性 544 例，年龄（50 ±11 ）岁；女性514 例，年龄（52 ±11 ）岁。在组织病理学诊断的10 种良性肿瘤中食管平滑肌瘤最常见为84 .50 %（894/1 058），其次为乳头状瘤6.90 %（73 /1 058），腺瘤最少为0.38 %（4/1 058）。平滑肌瘤、间质瘤、神经纤维瘤以男性为主；脂肪瘤、颗粒细胞瘤、神经鞘瘤和血管瘤以女性为主。此外，本组发现的 5 例错构瘤全部发生于女性。以发生率≥50 %为易发标准，青年男性易发食管良性瘤依次为平滑肌瘤和间质瘤，而青年女性依次为颗粒细胞瘤和脂肪瘤；老年男性依次为乳头状瘤、间质瘤和平滑肌瘤；老年女性依次为神经鞘瘤、乳头状瘤、平滑肌瘤、间质瘤和错构瘤；此外，男性脂肪瘤、血管瘤、神经纤维瘤和腺瘤，女性神经纤维瘤均发生在老年；不同年龄良性肿瘤总体发生率（P=0.034）和平滑肌瘤发生率（P=0.004）差异均具有统计学意义。本组平滑肌瘤、乳头状瘤、间质瘤和神经鞘瘤好发部位以中段为主，脂肪瘤以下段为主。本组良性肿瘤治疗以单纯手术为主为57 .54 %（492/855），其次为内镜下切除38 .01 %（325/855）和其他为 4.45 %（38 /855）。结论:食管良性肿瘤发生率低，组织类型较多，且不同性别和年龄患者易发类型明显不同，肿瘤组织类型不同，好发部位不同，手术及内镜治疗为主要治疗方式。 

Clinicopathological characterization of 1,058 cases with primary esophageal benign tu-mor in China

Objective:To analyze the clinicopathological characterization of primary esophageal benign tumor (EBT). Methods:A total of 1,058 EBTs were enrolled from 500,000 cases in an esophageal and cardiac tumor biological sample and clinical information data-base of Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research (1973-2015) in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. SPSS 21.0 software was applied for data analysis. Results:In this database, 1,058 cases with primary EBTs among the 249,246 esopha-geal tumor patients with detailed clinical and pathological information were identified with an incidence of 0.42%(1,058/249,246). A total of 544 patients were male with an average age of 50±11 years old, whereas 514 patients were female, with an average age of 52± 11 years old. Among the 10 types of EBTs, leiomyoma was the most common type (84.50%, 894/1,058), followed by papilloma (6.90%, 73/1058). Adenoma (0.38%, 4/1,058) was the rarest type. Leiomyoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, and neurofibroma mainly oc-curred in male patients. By contrast, lipoma, granulosa cell tumor, schwannoma, and hemangioma mainly occurred in female patients.All five cases of hamartoma occurred only in female patients. Given the incidence of≥50%as the common standard, the common EBT in sequence in young male patients was leiomyoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumor, whereas that in young female patients was granulosa cell tumor and lipoma. The common EBT in sequence in older male patients was papilloma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, and leiomyoma, whereas that in older female patients was schwannoma, papilloma, leiomyoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, and hamartoma. Additionally, lipoma, hemangioma, neurofibroma, and adenoma in male patients and neurofibroma in female patients oc-curred in older patients. The different ages of patients with EBTs (P=0.034) and leiomyoma (P=0.004) had a statistical significance. In these EBTs, leiomyoma, papilloma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, and schwannoma mainly occurred in the middle esophagus, where-as lipoma mainly occurred in the lower esophagus. The major treatment for EBT in the present study was surgery (57.54%, 492/855), which was followed by endoscopic resection (38.01%, 325/855) and others (4.45%, 38/855). Conclusion:The incidence of EBT is low, with a couple of different histological types. Gender, age, and predilection sites are different depending on the histological types of EBTs. Surgery and endoscopic resection are the major treatment methods.