胫骨平台骨折术后高度丢失的原因及对策

目的分析随访病例术后平台高度丢失的原因并提出对策,提高胫骨平台骨折手术解剖复位率。方法对2000年1月～2003年6月期间在我院治疗的不同类型胫骨平台骨折进行回顾,对有良好随访的57例达解剖复位或接近解剖复位的平台骨折病例进行X线片分析。结果随访6个月～2.5年,平均15个月,约有28.1%发生平台高度丢失(判定标准:关节面塌陷>3mm和/或轴向对线不良>5°),总结出6种胫骨平台骨折术后高度丢失的原因:①年龄>60岁,②严重骨质疏松,③复杂性、粉碎性骨折,④拉力螺钉、T或L型钢板抗剪应力较差,⑤植骨不充分,⑥过早负重。结论术前正确判断骨折类型、足量植骨、解剖复位后坚强内固定及早期不负重功能锻炼是减少平台高度丢失、提高胫骨平台骨折疗效的关键。在胫骨平台骨折手术复位及术后康复锻炼中,如能充分考虑上述六种造成平台高度丢失的原因并加以克服,将可能避免或延缓创伤性骨关节炎的发生。

Causes of and strategies for postoperative reduction loss in tibial plateau fracture patients

Objective To analyze the causes of postoperative step off of the tibial plateau fracture and to suggest strategies to cope with them. Methods 57 cases of tibial plateau fracture who had been treated operatively in our department from January 2001 to June 2003 with satisfactory reduction of the articular surface were reviewed. Their radiograms were analyzed. Results The follow ups lasted 6 to 30 months (average 15 months). Postoperative step off rate was 28.1%in all the cases according to radiological step off criteria. (A depression of the articular surface more than 3 millimeters or malalignment of the extremity more than 5 degrees is considered as step off.). Six causes of loss of reduction were: 1) more than sixty years of age, 2) severe osteoporosis, 3) preoperative displacement and fracture fragmentation, 4) poor anti shearing strength of screw and plate, 5) loose bonegraft, and 6) premature weight bearing. Conclusions The key points to enhance the outcome include precise judgment of the type of fracture, sufficient amount of bonegraft, rigid internal fixation after anatomic reduction and an appropriate plan for performing early, loadless, functional exercise. The traumatic osteoarthritis may be avoided or deferred if the above mentioned six causes can be taken into full consideration or preventive measures can be taken.