仿生脉冲磁场联合同种异体骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗股骨头坏死的实验研究

目的研究仿生脉冲磁场（BEMF）联合同种异体骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSCs）对兔早期股骨头坏死（ONFH）模型的促血管再生、骨再生的修复作用。方法取成功造模的液氮型ONFH模型24只,并随机分为4组,A组为制作模型而不填充任何材料,B组为单纯明胶海绵和PBS液填充,C组为填充复合骨髓间充质干细胞的明胶海绵,D组为填充复合骨髓间充质干细胞的明胶海绵,并予仿生脉冲磁场照射4周（2h/d）。于治疗后2、4、8周对各组股骨头进行解剖学、X线片、CT、组织切片观察及免疫组化血管染色,并进行血管计数。结果 （1）股骨头大体及CT观察：A组2周时可见典型的骨坏死;B组2周时可见明胶海绵吸收,4、8周骨坏死缺损清晰可见;C、D组：2周可见明胶海绵吸收,4周有新骨形成伴髓腔再通,8周新生骨与宿主骨界限模糊;（2）血管计数：术后4、8周C、D组新生血管计数大于A、B组（P〈0.05）,C、D两组比较,D组新生血管计数大于C组（P〈0.05）。结论 BEMF联合同种异体骨髓间充质干细胞移植可促进坏死股骨头内血管再生和骨修复作用。

Effects of allogenic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells combining with bionics electromagnetic fields on osteonecrosis of femoral head in rabbits

Objective To investigate the effects of bionics electromagnetic fields （BEMFs） and cellular transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） on early stage of avascular necrosis of the femoral head （ONFH） and their roles in vasculargenesis and osteogenisis in rabbits. Methods 24 healthy adult Neazland rabbits were frozen by liquid nitrogen to estabish ONFH models and were randomly divided into four groups （ n = 6） ： group A （ model group）, group B （ phosphate-buffered- saline-permeated gelatin sponge ）, group C （MSCs-permeated gelatin sponge ）, and group D （MSCs- permeated gelatin sponge, supplemented with BEMF 2b/d, for 4 weeks）. The specimens from each group were conducted radioscopy, computer tomography and histology obselvation, at 2, 4, and 8 weeks after treatment; meanwhile, newly formed vessels were detected and counted by immunohistochemistry. All data were analyzed statistically. Results （1） Gross and computer tomography observation on femoral head at 2, 4, and 8 weeks ： two weeks after freezing, characteristic necrosis signs were seen in group A. In group B, the gelatin sponge was absorbed at the 2nd week, however, bone defect in the drilled area was detected at the 4th and the 8th week. The gelatin sponge was also absorbed in group C and D, meanwhile, neo-bone formation was detected. The boundary between the neo-bone and the host bone was obfuscated. （2） Vessels number： the numbers of newly formed vessels in group C and D were more than those in group A and B （ P 〈 0. 05 ） ; besides, group D was superior to group C with vessel number （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusions BEMF combined with allogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stem ceils transplantation could promote the regeneration of blood vessel and bone repair inside the necrotic femoral head.