经关节突减压融合治疗腹侧压迫型胸椎管狭窄症

目的 探讨经关节突减压融合治疗腹侧压迫型胸椎管狭窄症的手术疗效和安全性.方法 2005年4月至2009年4月,采用后方人路经关节突行椎管腹侧减压,同时行前路植骨后路内固定融合术治疗腹侧压迫型胸椎管狭窄症患者33例,其中获得12个月以上随访者19例,男10例,女9例;年龄33～77岁,平均55.9岁;胸椎后纵韧带骨化(ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament,OPLL)5例,胸椎间盘突出症(thoracic disc hemiation,TDH)11例,胸椎OPLL合并胸椎黄韧带骨化(ossification of ligamentum flavum,OLF)2例,TDH合并OLF 1例.采用改良日本骨科协会(Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA)评分法和Nurick分级评价神经减压效果.结果 手术时间180～480 min,平均299.5 min;术中出血量250～2200 ml,平均918.5 ml.7例胸椎OPLL患者(包括合并OLF)术中出现硬膜损伤1例,术后发现神经功能恶化2例.12例TDH患者(包括合并OLF),术后无神经功能恶化,未发现脑脊液漏及其他并发症.术后随访时间12～54个月,平均28.6个月.术前JOA评分2～11分,平均63分;末次随访时JOA评分5～11分,平均8.6分.术前Nurick分级0～5级的例数分别为:2、2、4、5、2、4例,术后Nurick分级0～5级的例数分别为:6、6、3、3、1、0例.结论 采用经关节突人路减压融合治疗腹侧压迫型胸椎管狭窄症可以获得充分的减压及满意的疗效,可以作为一种较为安全的胸椎管腹侧减压入路.

Transfacet approach decompression for thoracic spinal stenosis caused by anterior compression

Objective To study the efficiacy and safety of transfacet approach decompression to treat thoracic spinal stenosis caused by anterior compression.Methods Thirty-three patients with thoracic spinal stenosis caused by anterior compression were treated in our institution from April 2005 to April 2009.Nineteen patients with more than 12 months follow-up were included in this study.Among of them,10 were male and 9 were female,with the age ranged from 33 to 77 years(mean,55.9 years).The causes of compression for spinal stenosis included ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament(OPLL)in 5 cases,thoracic disc herniation(TDH)in 11 cases,OPLL with ossification of ligamentum flavum(OLF)in 2 cases and TDH with OLF in 1 case.All patients underwent anterior decompression via a transfacet approach combined with anterior fusion and posterior fixation.The modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA)score system and Nurick Myelopathy grade were used to evaluate the outcomes.Results The operation time ranged from 180 to 480 min,with an average of 299.5 min and the blood loss was varied from 250 to 2200 ml,with an average of 918.5 ml.Among 7 cases with OPLL(including combined with OLF),2 patients developed neurologic deterioration and 1 patient developed cerebrospinal fluid leakage.There were no neurologic deterioration,cerebrospinal fluid leakage and other complications occurred in 12 cases with TDH(including combined with OLF).The follow-up ranged from 12 to 54 months(mean,28.6 months).The preoperative JOA score ranged from 2 to 11(mean,6.3).The JOA score in the last follow-up ranged from 5 to 11(mean,8.6).According to Nurick Myelopathy grade,the preoperative grade was 0 in 2 cases,1 in 2,2 in 4,3 in 5,4 in 2,and 5 in 4.The number of postoperative grade was 6,6,3,3,1 and 0 respectively.Conclusion Satisfactory decompression could be achieved by using transfacet approach for thoracic spinal stenosis caused by anterior compression.The approach is a safe and promising alternative for thoracic spinal anterior decompression.