股骨距的三维结构和显微结构特征及其力学意义

目的观察股骨距的显微结构和三维结构。方法取１８～３０岁青年男性新鲜尸体股骨上段１２根，经冠状面ＣＴ扫描后，横行截取股骨距，做Ｘ线摄片及光镜观察。对其中的２个股骨距做三维重建。结果股骨距出现于股骨颈的后上部，止于小转子下股骨内侧皮质。它有１６°的扭转角且凸向髓腔。整个股骨距骨板并非垂直，沿股骨上段的长轴从后向前在横向上移行了一段距离。年轻人股骨距根据其显微结构特征可分为三个区域。结论股骨距参于构成桁架系统，能承受较高的压缩载荷，且能将这些压缩载荷均匀地传向股骨内侧皮质。

The Microstructure and Three-dimensional Structore of Calcar Femorale and the Mechanics of ItsLoad Capacity

Objective To observe the microstructure and three dimensional structure of calcarfemorale. Methods Twelve fresh cadaveric proximal femurs of young peoplewere used in this study. Firsily,coronal section CT-scanning of all proximal femorale were taken at 45 degrees of external rotation. Secondly,the cross section of ten calcar femorale were X-rayed and observed under light microscope. Two calcarfemorale were reconstructed in the computer. Results The calcar femorale appeared at the posterior region ofthe upper base of the femoral neck and ended interiorly at the medial cortex below the lesser trochanter. It hada 16 degree twist angle and bulges toward the marrow channel. It moves anteriorly from the posterior regionalong the neutral axis of the proximal femur. The calcar femorale could be divided into three regions accordingto its microstructural characteristics. Conclusion The calcar femorale takes part in the constitution of can-tilever system, it is able to sustain high compressive stress and transmit these stress from the femoral head tothe cortex evenly.