腰椎间盘突出症术后失稳的手术治疗

目的：探讨椎间植骨融合、椎弓根内固定系统在腰椎间盘切除术后脊柱失稳再手术中的应用和临床效果。方法：回顾总结1997年5月～2002年8月收治的采用后路椎管减压、腰椎间盘髓核摘除治疗爱椎间盘突出症导致的腰椎失稳再手术病例23例，男14例，女9例；年龄28～64岁，平48．5岁。再手术距初次手术时间2～10年，平均5年8个月。病程6个月～3年，平均1年6个月。单节段病变17例，双节段病变6例。所有患者初次手术行椎间盘切除术，根据手术后症状和影像学检查评估脊柱失稳程度以确定再手术治疗。结果：手术时间120～210min，平均180min；术中出血550～800ml，平均650ml；术后随访1～6．4年，平均3．6年。疗效应用MPQ问卷和下腰痛及功能不利评分评定，临床成功率86.9%，患者满意率82．6％。螺钉断裂2枚，松动1枚。5例出现神经根刺激症状，23周后恢复。3例硬膜撕裂。3例植骨未融合，其中2例行后外侧融合术。结论：腰椎间盘突出术后脊柱失稳再手术时应行腰椎融合术，同时应用内固定，促进植骨融合并以维持椎间隙稳定，疗效满意，无严重并发症发生。

The clinical evaluation of interbody fusion with pedical screw fixation in the reoperation for lumbar spinal instablity caused by lumbar discectomy

Objective To investigate the clinical outcomes of interbody fusion with transpedicular screw fixation in the reoperation for lumbar spinal instability secondary to lumbar discectomy.Methods From May 1997 to Aug 2002, 23 patients underwent reoperation with posterior lumbar spinal decompression, removal of residual disc, transpedicular screw instrumentation and interbody fusion because of lumbar spinal instability after previous lumbar discectomy. There were 14 males and 9 females. The age of patients ranged from 28 to 64 years with an average age of 48.5 years. The time between the onset of the symptoms and the diagnosis was 18 months on average (range, 6 months to 36 years). The mean interval between the primary and revision surgery was 68 months (range, 24 months to 10 years). Lumbar discectomy had been performed in all patients as the primary surgery. All patients were evaluated by the conventional radiography, and CT or MRI if necessary. The low back pain was predominant in 8, and associated with radicular leg pain in 15. The instability of one segment was found in 17, and two segments in 6. The average follow-up was 3.6 years (range, 1 to 6.4 years). Results The lateral, AP, flexion and extension X-ray films were taken at 1, 3, 6 months and 1 year to evaluate the fusion, sliding between two vertebral bodies and internal fixation, and McGill pain questionnaire was adopted to determine the satisfaction of the patients. The intraoperative blood loss ranged from 550 to 800 ml (mean, 650 ml), and the total operative time ranged from 120 to 210 min (mean, 180 min). Based on Oswestry low back pain and disability scores, the clinical successful rate was 86.9%. The rate of patient satisfaction was 82.6%. 20 patients showed radiographic bony fusion. Pedicle screw breakage and loosening were found in 3 out of the 102 screws. 5 patients had nerve root irritation and recovered within 2 to 3 weeks. 5 patients had dural laceration. Bony nonunion was found in 3 patients. Conclusion Transpedicular screw instrumentation and interbody fusion is proved helpful in management of spinal instability secondary to decompression surgery, providing successful interbody fusion and restoration of the intervertebral stability.