腹腔镜下右半结肠血管解剖及血管并发症分析

目的探讨腹腔镜下右半结肠的血管解剖关系及血管相关并发症。方法收集2008年9月至2011年10月间南方医科大学南方医院普通外科实施的55例腹腔镜扩大右半结肠癌D3根治术的手术录像．研究右半结肠血管的解剖关系及术中明确出血的血管。结果55例患者均存在肠系膜上动、静脉和回结肠动脉及中结肠动脉。右结肠动脉出现率为45．5％（25／55），胃结肠静脉干的出现率为74．5％（41／55）。腹腔镜扩大右半结肠癌根治术中，血管出血的总概率为43．6％（24／55），胰头前区域血管（包括胃网膜右动脉、胃结肠静脉干及其属支）术中出血概率（16．4％，9／55）略高于中结肠血管（14．5％．8／55），术中出现血管并发症可明显延长术中淋巴结清扫时间（P=0．014）和腹腔镜手术时间（P=0．042）。亚组分析显示，胰头前区域血管的出血不会明显延长术中淋巴结清扫和手术时间（P〉0．05）：而中结肠血管出血可明显延长术中淋巴结清扫时间（P=0．011）和手术时间（P=0．004）。结论腹腔镜扩大右半结肠癌D3根治术中需处理的血管复杂多变，术中血管出血概率较高。清楚了解腹腔镜下右半结肠血管的解剖关系，有利于降低术中血管并发症的发生率。

Vascular anatomy of the right colon and vascular complications during laparascopic surgery

Objective To analyze the vascular anatomy and complications of the fight colon under laparoseope. Methods Videotapes of 55 laparoseopie extended right hemicolectomies with D3 lymphadenectomy were reviewed and the anatomic relationship and bleeding vessels were determined. Results The superior mesenterie vein, superior mesenteric artery, ileocolic artery, and middle colic artery were present in all the patients. The right colic artery was present in 45.5% （25/55） of the patients. The incidence of the gastrocolic venous trunk was 74.5%. The overall incidence of intraoperative bleeding was 43.6%. Vessels in the pre-pancreatic region including the right gastroepiploic artery, the gastroeolic venous trunk, and its tributaries had a higher risk of bleeding than the middle colic vein and artery （16.4% vs. 14.5% ）. Intraoperative bleeding significantly prolonged the overall operative time and lymphadenectomy time. Conclusions The vascular anatomy of the right colon is intricate and variable and laparoseopic extended right hemieolectomy with D3 lymphadenectomy is associated with a high risk of hemorrhage. Understanding the vessels anatomic relationship of the fight colon is valuable to decrease vascular complication.