转化医学研究对恶性肿瘤转移浸润的探讨

恶性肿瘤治疗失败90％的原因是由于治疗后转移复发。Paget早在1889年就提出了“种子与土壤”的学说：Ewing于1928年又提出了肿瘤转移的“流体动力学”的学术观点：均为肿瘤转移相关的基本理论。分子生物学技术的不断发展和转化医学研究的逐渐深入，为临床研究提供了可供筛检、易致肿瘤转移复发的“种子”——肿瘤干细胞或具干性细胞。近些年对肿瘤细胞产生的外排囊泡（tumor derived exosome）的研究，提出了形成前转移壁龛（premetastatic niche）及转移的趋向性的概念。建立了识别这类外排囊泡的方法，均为临床筛检、临床预测与个体诊治提供了可行的手段，并已有临床的报道，是转化医学研究领域进一步干预阻断肿瘤复发转移的新课题。

Exploration of translational medicine research in metastasis and invasion of malignant tumors

Ninety percent of malignant tumor treatment failure is due to post-operative metastasis and recurrence. Paget＇s ＂seed and soil＂ in 1889 and Ewing＇s ＂tumor metastatic fluid dynamics＂ in 1928 are the basic scientific concepts of metastasis. With the advanced molecular biological technology combined with the translational medicine research, possible or potential metastatic ＂seed＂-tumor stern cells or sternness cells can be screened. In recent years, study on the ＂tumor derived exosome＂ raised the concept of pre-metastatic niche and progenitor metastasis. On the other hand, associatedmethodology and technology for screening and detection of the exosome had been established, which provides feasible methods for screening, prediction and individual therapy. It will be the new era for cancer prevention and intervention in translational medicine area.