寰椎椎弓根螺钉及枢椎椎板螺钉固定植骨融合治疗创伤性上颈椎不稳

目的:探讨寰椎椎弓根螺钉及枢椎椎板螺钉固定、植骨融合治疗创伤性上颈椎不稳的临床疗效。方法:2005年10月至2008年6月,采用后路寰椎椎弓根螺钉及枢椎椎板螺钉或椎弓根螺钉固定技术治疗创伤性上颈椎不稳患者43例,其中枢椎椎板螺钉固定组(A组)21例,枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定组(B组)22例。所有患者均有寰枢椎半脱位或不稳,表现为不同程度的颈枕区疼痛,活动受限。均使用颈椎后路Vertex钉棒系统固定。对比两组的手术时间、术中出血量,有无神经、血管、脊髓损伤和内固定松动、断裂失败并发症,是否出现复位丢失和植骨融合率。结果:A组手术时间1～3h,平均1.5h,出血量100～650ml,平均240ml。B组手术时间1.2～3h,平均2h,出血量120～800ml,平均350ml。A组手术时间和术中出血量明显少于B组(P0.05)。A组有2例、B组有3例术中在剥离时损伤C1-2间静脉丛,均用明胶海绵压迫止血成功。术后CT显示B组1例单侧枢椎椎弓根螺钉部分进入横突孔,但无症状,余枢椎椎弓根螺钉和椎板螺钉均位置良好,未见椎动脉、神经损伤及脑脊液漏并发症。43例术后获12个月～3年随访,平均20.3个月,所有患者均于术后3～4个月获得骨性融合,术后X线片显示颈椎稳定,未见复位丢失,亦未见内固定松动退出或断裂。结论:对创伤性上颈椎不稳患者应用寰椎椎弓根螺钉及枢椎椎板螺钉固定不仅具有椎弓根螺钉同等的固定疗效,而且相对安全、简单,可以作为椎弓根螺钉固定的一种补充方法。

C2 laminar screws combined with C1 pedicle screws for surgical treatment of upper cervical instability

Objective:To explore the clinical outcomes and complications of C2 laminar screws combined with C1 pedicle screws for surgical treatment of upper cervical instability.Method:From October 2005 to June 2008,43 cases with atlantoaxial instability undergoing C2 laminar screw and pedicle screw combined with C1 pedicle screws instrumentation were reviewed retrospectively.There were 21 cases for C2 laminar screw fixation(group A) and 22 cases for C2 pedicle screw fixation(group B).All cases presenting with atlanto...