双开门揭盖式椎板分块切除治疗严重颈椎后纵韧带骨化伴颈脊髓损伤

目的:评价双开门揭盖式椎板分块切除治疗严重颈椎后纵韧带骨化症(ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament,OPLL)伴颈脊髓损伤的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2012年6月至2014年6月治疗严重颈椎OPLL合并颈脊髓损伤38例患者资料,所有患者接受后路双开门揭盖式椎板分块切除减压内固定术,男25例,女13例;年龄42~78岁,平均58.2岁;35例有明确颈部外伤史,3例仅受轻微暴力(与颈部突然过伸有关)。术前颈部功能障碍指数(Neck Disability Index,NDI)19.8±4.4,术前日本矫形外科协会评分(Japanese Orthopaedics Score,JOA)为8.1±1.7;术前CT重建显示骨化韧带均分布在3个节段以上,椎管占位50%~85%,平均70.7%。结果:所有患者获得随访,时间10~24个月,平均15.6个月。手术时间90~150 min,平均120 min;出血量300~800 ml,平均(480±80)ml。末次随访时颈椎NDI和JOA评分分别为7.5±2.5和13.5±2.0,均较术前明显改善(P0.05)。术前颈椎前凸Cobb角为(8.10±2.70)°,末次随访时为(15.60±1.80)°,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后发生深部感染1例,硬膜外血肿1例,C5神经根麻痹症状3例,轴性症状(axial symptom,AS)8例。无椎动脉损伤、神经症状加重、脑脊液漏、内固定失败等并发症。结论:颈椎后路双开门揭盖式椎板分块切除减压技术治疗重度颈椎OPLL合并颈脊髓损伤患者疗效良好,安全、可行,临床值得推广应用。

French door segmented laminectomy decompression for severe cervical ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament complicated with spinal cord injury

Objective: To evaluate the clinical effects of French door segmented laminectomy decompression for severe cervical OPLL complicated with spinal cord injury. Methods: The clinical data of 38 patients with serious cervical OPLL complicated with spinal cord injury were retrospectively analyzed and these patients were treated with French door segmented laminectomy decompression and internal fixation from June 2012 to June 2014. There were 25 males and 13 females,aged from 42 to 78 years with an average of 58.2 years. Of them,35 cases suffered from aggravating neurological symptoms with a definite precipitating factor. Spinal cord injury was related to minor injury of the neck,such as hyperextension of the neck in 3 cases. Preoperative Japanese Orthopaedic Score (JOA) was 8.1±1.7 and Neck Disability Index (NDI) was 19.8±4.4. Preoperative CT scans showed the range of OPLL was more than three segments. The spinal canal was occupied 50% to 85% with an average of 70.7%. Results: All the patients were followed up for 10 to 24 months with an average of 15.6 months. The operative time was 90 to 150 min with an average of 120 min and blood loss was 300 to 800 ml with an average of (480±80) ml. At final follow-up,NDI and JOA were 7.5±2.5 and 13.5±2.0,respectively,and they were obviously improved compared with preoperation. Preoperative cervical Cobb angle was (8.10±2.70)° and at final follow-up was (15.60±1.80)°,and there was significant difference between preoperative and postoperative (P<0.05). Deep infection occurred in 1 case,epidural hematoma in 1 case,C₅ nerve root palsy in 3 cases,and axial symptom in 8 cases after operation. No serious complications,such as vertebral artery injury,cerebrospinal fluid leakage,deterioration of neurological dysfunction,or internal fixation failure was found. Conclusion: French door segmented laminectomy decompression is safe and feasible for severe cervical OPLL complicated with spinal cord injury,and it is worth to be popularized in future.