B超引导经皮肾镜气压弹道联合超声碎石术治疗无积水肾结石

目的探讨B超引导建立皮肤肾脏通道、经皮肾镜气压弹道联合超声碎石术治疗无积水肾结石的安全性和临床疗效。方法2003年9月—2005年4月,采用B超引导穿刺建立通道、肾镜下气压弹道联合超声碎石术治疗132例无积水肾结石。膀胱镜下患侧输尿管逆行留置5F输尿管导管,生理盐水持续滴注以充盈肾盂。B超引导下穿刺目标肾盏,建立皮肤肾脏通道,肾镜下采用气压弹道联合超声碎石术。对手术时间、手术并发症、结石清除率等临床资料进行分析。结果132例患者均一期成功建立皮肤肾脏通路,129例行一期碎石术,3例行二期碎石术。123例患者一期单通道碎石,9例患者一期两通道碎石。手术时间70~130min,平均(89±11)min,3例患者术中输血400~800ml,无气胸、腹腔脏器损伤等严重并发症发生。术后1周后复查,114例患者排净结石,18例有结石残余,结石清除率86.4%(114/132)。结论B超引导穿刺经皮肾镜碎石术治疗无肾积水的肾结石安全、方便、疗效可靠。

Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy with pneumatic and ultrasonic power under B-type ultrasound guidance for treatment of renal calculi in non-dilated collecting system

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of management of renal stone in non-dilated collecting system by percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL) under ultrasound guidance. METHOD: From September 2003 to April 2005, 132 cases of renal stone in non-dilated collecting system were performed by percutaneous nephrolithotripsy. A stent was first inserted into the pelvis through cystoscope, and saline was instilled to dilate collecting system. Antegrade percutaneous access was obtained by B-type ultrasound guidance. A combination pneumatic and ultrasonic lithotrite were used to disintegrate and remove stone under direct vision. Clinical data including operation time, complications and stone free rate were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: The percutaneous renal access was successfully established under B-type ultrasound guidance in all patients, immediate phase I lithotripsy was performed in 129 cases and delayed phase II lithotripsy in 3 cases. Operation time ranged from 70 to 130 minutes, average time was (89 +/- 11) minutes, 3 cases were supported by blood transfusion, severe complications did not occur during nephrolithotripsy. Stones were cleared in 114 out of 132 cases (86.4%) during immediate phase I lithotripsy, residual stone fragment was found in 18 cases who received second PCNL or adjuvant extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. CONCLUSION: The management of renal stone in non-dilated collecting system using PCNL appears to be efficacious and safe under B-type ultrasound guidance.