Relationship Between Plain Radiographic Patterns and Three- dimensional Trabecular Architecture in The Human Calcaneus |
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| Authors: | G Luo J H Kinney J J Kaufman D Haupt A Chiabrera R S Siffert |
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| Institution: | (1) New York Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New York, and Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York, US;(2) Department of Materials Science, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories, Livermore, California, US;(3) Department of Orthopaedics, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA;, US;(4) DIBE, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy, US |
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| Abstract: | The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between three-dimensional (3D) trabecular structure and two-dimensional
plain radiographic patterns. An in vitro cylinder of human calcaneal trabecular bone was three-dimensionally imaged by micro-CT
using synchrotron radiation, at 33.4 μm resolution. The original 3D image was processed using 14 distinct sequences of morphologic
operations, i.e., of dilations and erosions, to obtain a total of 15 3D models or images of calcaneal trabecular bone. These
15 models had distinct densities (volume fractions) and architectures. The 3D structure of each calcaneal model was assessed
using mean intercept length (fabric), by averaging individual fabric measurements associated with each medial-lateral image
slice, and determining the relative anisotropy, R3D, of the structure. A summated pattern or plain radiograph was also computed from the 3D image data for each calcaneal model.
Each summated pattern was then locally thresholded, and the resulting two-dimensional (2D) binary image analyzed using the
same fabric analysis as used for the 3D data. The anisotropy of the 2D summated pattern was denoted by Rx-ray. The volume fractions of the 15 models ranged from 0.08 to 0.19 with a mean of 0.14. The medial-lateral anisotropies, R3D, ranged from 1.38 to 2.54 with a mean of 1.88. The anisotropy of the 2D summated patterns, Rx-ray, ranged from 1.35 to 2.18 with a mean of 1.71. The linear correlation of the 3D trabecular architecture, R3D, with the radiographic trabecular architecture, Rx-ray, was 0.99 (p<0.0001). This study shows that the plain radiograph contains architectural information directly related to the underlying
3D structure. A well-controlled sequential reproducible plain radiograph may prove useful for monitoring changes in trabecular
architecture in vivo and in identifying those individuals at increased risk of osteoporotic fracture.
Received: 9 December 1997 / Accepted: 3 September 1998 |
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| Keywords: | :Micro-CT – Osteoporosis – Plain radiograph – Three-dimensional – Trabecular bone – Trabecular architecture |
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