小儿和成年患者全麻时瑞芬太尼药代动力学的比较

目的 比较小儿和成年患者全麻时瑞芬太尼的药代动力学.方法 择期全麻患者,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,根据年龄不同分为2组(n=8):成年组(年龄19～60岁,体重45～81 kg)和小儿组(年龄10月～7岁,体重7.2～21.0 kg).麻醉诱导时静脉注射瑞芬太尼5 μg/kg,于注射后1、2、3、5、7、10、15、20、25、30、45、60 min时分别采集上肢动脉血样1.0 ml,采用液-液萃取毛细管气相色谱-质谱法测定瑞芬太尼的血药浓度,应用3P97药理学程序软件计算药代动力学参数.结果 与成年组比较,小儿组消除半衰期缩短,表观分布容积和清除率升高(P<0.05),其余药代动力学参数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 小儿和成年患者全麻时瑞芬太尼药代动力学存在差异,应用相同剂量后小儿较成年患者血药浓度偏低,应适当增加剂量.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the pharmacokinetics of remifentanil during general anesthesia in children and adults.Methods Eight children(4 male,4 female)and 8 adults(4 male,4 female),undergoing elective operation under general anesthesia,were randomly divided into 2 groups(n=8 each):group adults(aged 19-60 yr,weighing 45-81 kg)and group children(aged 10 months-7 yr,weighins 7.2-21.0 kg).Remifentanil 5μg/kg was injected intravenously during induction of anesthesia.Arterial blood samples 1.0 ml were taken at 1,2,3,5,7,10,15,20,25,30,45 and 60 min after injection for determination of the plasma concentrations of remifentanil.The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using software 3P97.Results Elimination half-life was significantly shorter and apparent volume of distribution and clearance were significantly greater in children than in adults(P<0.05),while no significant change was found in the other pharmacokinetic parameters between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion There is difference in the pharmacokineties of remifentanil during general anesthesia between children and adults.The plasma concentration of remifentanil is lower in children than in adults after using the same dose,and the dose should be increased appropriately.

Comparison of pharmacokinetics of remifentanil during general anesthesia in children and adults

Objective To compare the pharmacokinetics of remifentanil during general anesthesia in children and adults.Methods Eight children(4 male,4 female)and 8 adults(4 male,4 female),undergoing elective operation under general anesthesia,were randomly divided into 2 groups(n=8 each):group adults(aged 19-60 yr,weighing 45-81 kg)and group children(aged 10 months-7 yr,weighins 7.2-21.0 kg).Remifentanil 5μg/kg was injected intravenously during induction of anesthesia.Arterial blood samples 1.0 ml were taken at 1,2,3,5,7,10,15,20,25,30,45 and 60 min after injection for determination of the plasma concentrations of remifentanil.The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using software 3P97.Results Elimination half-life was significantly shorter and apparent volume of distribution and clearance were significantly greater in children than in adults(P<0.05),while no significant change was found in the other pharmacokinetic parameters between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion There is difference in the pharmacokineties of remifentanil during general anesthesia between children and adults.The plasma concentration of remifentanil is lower in children than in adults after using the same dose,and the dose should be increased appropriately.