肘关节尺侧副韧带的修复重建

目的 评价桡骨头切除、尺侧副韧带(medial collateral ligament,MCL) 修复或重建手术治疗桡骨头粉碎性骨折合并MCL损伤的临床效果.方法 2000年9月-2006年4月,对18例桡骨头粉碎性骨折合并MCL损伤患者,手术行桡骨头切除的同时,对MCL采用直接缝合修复或带蒂筋膜重建治疗.其中男12例,女6例;年龄21～57岁.跌扑伤或高处坠落伤10例,交通事故伤8例.骨折按Mason分类,Ⅲ型13例,Ⅳ型5例.15例于伤后2周内手术;3例陈旧损伤,分别于伤后4、6和14个月手术.手术修复MCL4例,重建MCL14例. 结果 术后18例均获随访1～5年,平均3年.根据 Broberg 等制定的肘关节功能评定标准,优4例,良12例,可 1 例,差 1 例,优良率为 88.9%.3 例肘部轻度疼痛,1 例中度疼痛,14 例无疼痛.肘关节伸屈活动范围 110～140°,平均130°.前臂旋前 35～85°,平均 75°;前臂旋后 65～89°,平均 80°.患侧握力较健侧减少3%～28%,平均15%;伸肘力量减少8%～39%,平均30%;屈肘力量减少7%～29%,平均18%;旋前力量减少7%～31%,平均20%;旋后力量减少15%～45%,平均25%;患侧与健侧在相同外翻应力(外翻力矩2 Nm) 下X线片提携角增加 0～11°,平均 5°.以上指标患侧与健侧比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05). 结论 MCL 是抵抗肘关节外翻应力最主要的因素,在无条件行桡骨头假体置换时,行桡骨头切除、修复MCL 是一种有效的手术方式,但远期效果仍需随访.

RECONSTRUCTION OF THE MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT OF ELBOW

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effect of excising the radial head, repairing or reconstructing the medial collateral ligament (MCL) in treating comminuted fracture of the radial head accompanying by MCL injury. METHODS: From September 2000 to April 2006, 18 patients with comminuted fractures of radial head accompanying by MCL injury were treated by excision of the radial head, repair or reconstruction of the MCL. Of them, there were 12 males and 6 females, aged 21 to 57 years. Injury was caused by high falling in 10 cases and by traffic accidents in 8 cases. According to Mason classifications, 13 fractures were of type III and 5 of type IV. Fifteen cases of fresh fractures were operated within 2 weeks, 3 cases of old fractures at 4, 6, and 14 months after injury respectively. Four cases underwent MCL repair and 14 cases underwent MCL reconstruction. RESULTS: All the 18 cases were followed up 1-5 years (mean 3 years). According to Broberg and Morrey scoring system, 4 patients were rated as excellent, 12 as good, 1 as fair, and 1 as poor. The excellent and good rate was 88.9%. Three patients had light pain of elbow, 1 patient had moderate pain and the other 14 had no pain. The range of elbow motion was from 110 to 140 degrees (mean 130 degrees). The pronation averaged 75 degrees (35-85 degrees). The supination averaged 80 degrees (65-89 degrees). Compared with normal limbs, the grip strength decreased by 3% to 28% (mean 15%); the extension strength decreased by 8% to 39% (mean 30%); the flexion strength decreased by 7% to 29% (mean 18%); the pronation strength decreased by 7% to 31% (mean 20%); the supination strength decreased by 15% to 45% (mean 25%). The X-ray films showed that carrying angle increased by 0 to 11 degrees (mean 5 degrees) under two-newton-meter valgus torque. There were significant differences between injured limbs and normal limbs (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The MCL was the primary valgus stabilizer of the elbow. If the radial head replacement could not be carried out, the repair or reconstruction of the medial collateral ligament was effective.