后牙区即刻种植与延期种植后牙槽骨吸收的影像学比较分析

目的:利用X线片观察并测量后牙区即刻种植术后的牙槽骨改变,比较即刻种植与延期种植术后牙槽骨吸收的程度。方法:对我院2014—2016年间后牙区94例即刻种植义齿和168例延期种植义齿进行术后6个月及1年随访,患者种植术后即刻、术后6个月和术后1年复查时均采用平行投照技术拍摄X线片,利用测量软件测量种植体近中及远中牙槽嵴顶端与种植体颈部之间的垂直距离。采用SPSS 19.0软件包进行配对t检验,分析即刻、术后6个月以及1年时种植体近远中牙槽骨的吸收变化。结果:无论即刻种植还是延期种植组,所有植体都获得了良好的骨结合。在种植体植入后,近远中的牙槽骨均有不同程度吸收。术后6个月复查时,即刻种植组牙槽骨近远中平均吸收0.25 mm,延期种植组牙槽骨近远中平均吸收0.43 mm,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。术后1年复查时,即刻种植组牙槽骨近远中平均吸收0.57 mm,延期种植组牙槽骨近远中平均吸收1.10 mm,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:后牙区即刻种植和延期种植术后,植体均可获得良好的骨结合;术后近远中方向牙槽骨均发生明显吸收,且术后1年时即刻种植组牙槽骨吸收程度轻于延迟种植组。

Comparison of alveolar bone resorption between immediate implant and delayed implant in the posterior area

PURPOSE: To evaluate alveolar bone changes after immediate implant in posterior area by using X-rays, and make a comparison between immediate implants and delayed implants. METHODS: In this study, 94 cases of immediate implants and 168 cases of delayed implants were followed up for 6 months to 1 year from 2014 to 2016. X-ray films were taken by parallel projection technique immediately after implantation, 6 months and 1 year after operation. The vertical distance between the tip of the alveolar crest near the implant and the neck of implants was measured. Paired t test was used to analyze the absorption changes of alveolar bone in the mesial-distal direction of the implant 6 months and 1 year after surgery. SPSS 19.0 software package was used to compare the alveolar bone resorption degree between the two different implantation methods. RESULTS: In immediate group and delayed group, all the implants showed great bone osteogenesis, and the alveolar bone of the implants showed different degree of resorption. X-ray films showed the average resorption of the alveolar bone in the immediate implantation group was 0.25 and 0.43 mm in the delayed implantation group 6 months after implantation, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). One year after implantation, the average resorption of the alveolar bone was 0.57 mm in the immediate implantation group and 1.10 mm in the delayed implantation group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In the posterior area, both immediate implants and delayed implants showed great osseointegration, the alveolar bone in both mesial and distal area was absorbed obviously, and after 1 year the alveolar bone resorption in immediate implants was less than that in delayed implants.