饮水型氟中毒动物模型建立及硬组织形态学改变的研究

目的建立慢性饮水型氟中毒动物模型并观察其硬组织形态学改变。方法 48只Wistar大鼠随机分成4组,建立氟中毒动物模型。染氟组分别饮用含氟化钠浓度为50、100、150 mg/L的自来水,对照组饮用常规自来水。8周后取大鼠切牙及股骨,通过组织HE染色方法观察各组大鼠切牙成釉细胞和大鼠骨组织形态学改变,采用氟离子选择电极测定各组大鼠血氟、牙氟及骨氟浓度。结果实验组大鼠切牙出现不同的氟牙症表现。各染氟组大鼠血氟(F=11.234,P<0.05),牙氟(F=275.148,P<0.05),骨氟(F=217.337,P<0.05)含量显著高于对照组,且随浓度增加而增加,各组间均具有显著差异。HE染色发现实验组大鼠切牙成釉细胞排列不规则呈多层,高柱状细胞结构变矮或消失,少量细胞发生扭曲,且随氟浓度增加以上病理学改变加重。大鼠股骨HE染色发现实验组骨组织出现骨小梁增多,排列致密等骨硬化性表现,骨骺板增厚,增殖层软骨细胞排列紊乱,随浓度的增加以上病理学改变加重。结论长时间饮用高浓度含氟水可引起慢性氟中毒,硬组织出现氟斑牙和氟骨症的病理学改变。

Study on establishing animal model of drinking water type fluorosis and morphological change of sclerous tissues

Objective To establish the animal model of drinking water type fluorosis and observe the morphological changes of its sclerous tissues. Methods 48 Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups. The fluoride exposed groups respectively drank wa-ter containing 50,100 and 150 mg/L NaF, and the control group drank ordinary tap water. 8 weeks later,incisors and femur of rats were taken and Hematoxylin-Eosin（HE） staining method was used to observe the changes in rat incisor ameloblasts and the morphological change of bone tissues. The concentrations of fluoride in serum, teeth and bone were determined by fluorine ion selective electrode. Re- sults The rat incisors in the experimental groups showed different performances of dental fluorosis. The contents of fluoride in serum （F=11.234,P〈0.05）,teeth（F=275.148,P〈0.05） and bone（F=217.337,P〈0.05） in the fluoride exposed groups were much higher than those of the control group. It increased with the increase of concentration, and it showed significant differences among four groups. According to HE staining,in experimental groups,the irregular arrangement of the rat incisor ameloblasts was nmltilayered. The columnar cells were getting shorter or disappeared,and a few cells were distorted. With the increase of fluoride concentration, the patho-logical changes got more serious. HE staining showed that the bone trabecula increased and closely arranged together in rat bone tissues in experimental group,which indicated bone sclerosis. Also,epiphyseal plate was getting thicker and the hypertrophic chondrocytes ac-cumulated and arranged disorderedly in fluoride-treated rats. Conclusions Drinking water containing high concentration of fluoride for long time may cause chronic fluorine poisoning and pathological changes of sclerous tissues such as dental fluorosis and skeletal fluoro-sis.