上颌中切牙种植进入鼻腭管的研究进展

上颌中切牙缺失后常伴随唇侧骨壁吸收，造成唇腭向牙槽嵴宽度减少，出于前牙区美学修复的考量，种植位点常偏腭侧。鼻腭管(nasopalatine canal, NPC)在解剖位置上紧邻上颌中切牙种植位点，造成术中植体可能进入NPC，伴随腭部感觉异常和（或）种植体非骨结合，甚至发生种植体脱落。NPC穿孔作为上颌中切牙种植手术的并发症之一，不仅降低种植术成功率，还引起患者负面心理情绪。故本文就上颌美学区种植NPC穿孔的发生率、影响NPC穿孔相关因素、临床检查及诊断、预防措施及临床治疗方法等作一综述，为美学区种植避免NPC穿孔提供理论参考。

Research progress of nasopalatine canal perforation in maxillary anterior teeth implantation

Absence of maxillary central incisor is often accompanied by the absorption of labial bone wall, resulting in the reduction of the width of labial-palatal alveolar ridge. Considering the aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth, implants are usually more palatally inclined. The nasopalatine canal (NPC) is anatomically adjacent to the implant site of the maxillary central incisor, which leads to the possibility of implants entering into NPC during operation. The implants that enter into NPC may result in palatal paresthesia, non-osseointegration, and implants loss. NPC perforation, as one of the complications of maxillary central incisor implantation, not only reduces the success rate of implantation, but also causes negative emotions in patients. Therefore, this paper reviews the incidence, influencing factors of NPC perforation, clinical diagnosis, preventive measures and clinical treatment of NPC perforation in maxillary aesthetic area, in order to provide theoretical reference for avoiding NPC perforation.