The effects of fluoride,strontium, theobromine and their combinations on caries lesion rehardening and fluoridation |
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| Institution: | 1. First Surgery Department, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece;2. Research Department, Experimental–Research Center ELPEN, Athens, Greece;3. Department of Pathology, Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece;1. Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey;2. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey;1. Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;2. Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;3. Institute of Dental Research, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan;4. Department of Advanced Functional Materials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;1. Paediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Developmental and Behavioural Sciences, UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, 17 Monash Avenue, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia;2. Statistician (Private), Sydney, Australia;1. Cellular Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Unit, Hematology Department, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinical University Hospital, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain;2. School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain;3. Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain |
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| Abstract: | ObjectiveThe aim was to investigate the effects of fluoride, strontium, theobromine and their combinations on caries lesion rehardening and fluoridation (EFU) under pH cycling conditions.DesignHuman enamel specimens were demineralized at 37 °C for 24 h using a pH 5.0 solution containing 50 mM lactic acid and 0.2% Carbopol 907 which was 50% saturated with respect to hydroxyapatite. Lesions were assigned to nine treatment groups (n = 16) based on Knoop surface microhardness indentation length.Treatmentaqueous solutions were: placebo, 11.9 mM sodium fluoride (F), 23.8 mM sodium fluoride (2 × F), 1.1 mM strontium chloride hexahydrate (Sr), 1.1 mM F theobromine, Sr + theobromine, F + Sr, F + theobromine, F + Sr + theobromine. Lesions were pH cycled for 5d (daily protocol: 3 × 1min-treatment; 2 × 60min-demineralization; 4 × 60 min & overnight-artificial saliva). Knoop indentation length was measured again and%surface microhardness recovery (%SMHr) calculated. EFU was determined using the acid-etch technique. Data were analysed using ANOVA.ResultsModel showed fluoride dose-response for both variables (2 × F > F > placebo). For%SMHr, F + Sr+/−theobromine resulted in more rehardening than F, however less than 2 × F. F + theobromine was similar to F. For EFU, F + Sr was inferior to F, F + theobromine and F + Sr + theobromine which were similar and inferior to 2 × F. In absence of fluoride, Sr, theobromine or Sr + theobromine were virtually indistinguishable from placebo and inferior to F.ConclusionsIt can be concluded that a) strontium aids rehardening but not EFU and only in presence of fluoride; b) theobromine does not appear to offer any anti-caries benefits in this model; c) there are no synergistic effects between strontium and theobromine in the presence or absence of fluoride. |
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| Keywords: | Caries Enamel Strontium Theobromine Fluoride |
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