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Modulating the brain at work using noninvasive transcranial stimulation
Authors:McKinley R Andy  Bridges Nathaniel  Walters Craig M  Nelson Jeremy
Institution:
  • a Air Force Research Laboratory, 2947 Fifth St., Bldg. 20840, Rm. 200.05, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433, USA
  • b Infoscitex Corporation, 4027 Colonel Glenn Highway, Suite 210, Dayton, OH 45431, USA
  • c Tulane Neuroscience Program, Tulane University, 2007 Stern Hall, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
  • d Booz Allen Hamilton, 1900 Founders Dr., Suite 300, Dayton, OH 45420-4034, USA
  • Abstract:This paper proposes a shift in the way researchers currently view and use transcranial brain stimulation technologies. From a neuroscience perspective, the standard application of both transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been mainly to explore the function of various brain regions. These tools allow for noninvasive and painless modulation of cortical tissue. In the course of studying the function of an area, many studies often report enhanced performance of a task during or following the stimulation. However, little follow-up research is typically done to further explore these effects. Approaching this growing pool of cognitive neuroscience literature with a neuroergonomics mindset (i.e., studying the brain at work), the possibilities of using these stimulation techniques for more than simply investigating the function of cortical areas become evident. In this paper, we discuss how cognitive neuroscience brain stimulation studies may complement neuroergonomics research on human performance optimization. And, through this discussion, we hope to shift the mindset of viewing transcranial stimulation techniques as solely investigatory basic science tools or possible clinical therapeutic devices to viewing transcranial stimulation techniques as interventional tools to be incorporated in applied science research and systems for the augmentation and enhancement of human operator performance.
    Keywords:Neuroergonomics  Noninvasive brain stimulation  Transcranial direct current stimulation  Transcranial magnetic stimulation  Cognitive performance  Enhancement  tDCS  TMS  Brain stimulation mechanism
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