中国医用X射线工作者白血病危险分析

目的 研究小剂量电离辐射慢性照射的致白血病作用并评价其危害。方法 用O／E程序分析了我国24个省、直辖市、自治区1950－1980年在职的27011名医用诊断X射线工作者和25782名医院其他科室医务工作者1950－1995年白血病的发病资料。结果 X射线工作者白血病的发病率明显高于对照，相对危险度（RR）为2．17，95％可信限（CI）1．58－2．91。白血病的RR以1960年前开始从事放射工作和开始从事放射工作时年龄小于20岁者最高，且其发病年龄也明显提前。结论 医用诊断X射线工作者患白血病的危险与职业X射线照射有关。当X射线照射剂量累积到一定水平时，可导致患白血病的危险明显增高。

Risk of leuemiak among medical X-ray workers in Chian between 1950 and 1995

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between low dose radiation and leukemia and assess resultant risk of leukemia. METHODS: The leukemia incidences (1950 - 1995) in 27,011 medical diagnostic X-ray workers and in 25 782 non-radiation workers in hospital employed between 1950 and 1980 in China were compared by O/E system. RESULTS: The relative risk (RR) of leukemia in the medical X-ray workers was 2.17 (95% CI = 1.58 - 2.91, P < 0.01). The highest RR of leukemia was found in those who engaged in X-ray work before 1960 or at age under 20 years. CONCLUSION: There was a relationship between incidence of leukemia and X-ray radiation in X-ray workers and accumulation of radiation dosage and employment at younger age increased the risk of leukemia.