病程10年以上糖尿病患者发生糖尿病足的危险因素探讨

目的探讨糖尿病病程10年以上患者发生糖尿病足的危险因素，以利于今后有针对性地指导糖尿病患者从初诊阶段就具有良好的遵医行为，减少糖尿病足的发生与发展。方法调查2005年8月-2006年11月门诊就诊及住院患者并选择符合WHO糖尿病诊断标准且糖尿病病程10年以上者，根据有无糖尿病足的临床症状及体征，选取糖尿病足患者50例作为糖尿病足组，非糖尿病足患者50例作为非糖尿病足组，共100例，采用自行设计的问卷调查表，对其一般状况和患病期间日常自我管理能力进行评价和统计学处理。结果糖尿病足组男性比例高于女性（P〈0．005）；糖尿病足组年龄、病程均略高于非糖尿病足组，但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；糖尿病足组文化程度、经济收入均低于非糖尿病足组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；虽然两组患者日常自我管理能力都不够完善，但相比而言，非糖尿病足组的自我管理能力普遍强于糖尿病足组（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。结论糖尿病足的发病率男性高于女性；糖尿病病程长是糖尿病足发生的危险因素之一，但不是主要因素；经济收入低和文化程度低的糖尿病患者更易发生糖尿病足；血糖控制不良是发生糖尿病足的重要危险因素；吸烟也是影响糖尿病足发生发展的因素之一；糖尿病患者了解糖尿病足相关知识对预防糖尿病足将起到积极作用。

Discussion on Relative Factors Causing Diabetic Foot of Patients with over Ten-year Diabetes

Objective To discuss the relative factors causing diabetic foot of patients with over ten-year diabetes so as to direct diabetics to follow doctors＇ advices at the beginning and reduce the chance of getting diabetic foot. Methods 50 patients who had diabetic foot were grouped into diabetic foot group, and another 50 patients who had no diabetic foot were grouped into non diabetic foot group from Aug. 2005 to Nov. 2006. They were investigated with self-designed questionnaire and their general conditions as well as abilities of self management were evaluated and analyzed statistically. Results In diabetic foot group, male had more diabetic food than female （P〈0.005）. Patients in diabetic group had slight higher age and more years of diabetes, but these differences were not significant （P〉0.05）. The education degree and income of diabetic foot group were significant lower than those of non diabetic group （P〈 0.01）. Patients in non diabetic foot group had better abilities of self-management, though all in both groups were not good（P〈0.01 or P〈0.05）. Conclusion Males have higher occurrence than females. The income and education degree are important factors while the length of course is not important factor. Restrict control of diet plays a very important roll in diabetics foot and smoking is also a factor. Knowledge about diabetic foot for patients is important to prevent diabetic foot.