高职护理专业学生实习前心理状态调查及对策

目的了解护生实习前的心理状态，分析影响护生实习前心理状态的因素，探讨相应的对策。方法对122名高职护理专业学生在将实习前进行不记名的问卷调查，内容包括是否对实习有充分的心理准备，实习前最担心的问题，护生希望学校所做的工作等。问卷当场发放当场收回并进行统计分析。结果只有32．8％的护生对于实习已有技能上和思想上的准备。实习前最担心的问题排名前6位的是：担心不能适应医院环境；担心操作技能欠缺；担心与病人难以沟通；担心难以和医护人员相处；担心实习工作中出差错事故；担心实习医院条件差。护生们普遍希望学校能采取一些适当的措施改善目前的状态，其中排名前5位的有：有针对性地进行临床实习前技能培训；有针对性地进行心理辅导；开展关于医疗护理安全的法律法规讲座；邀请有经验的临床护士介绍经验；进行沟通技巧方面的讲座。结论大部分护生对于即将到来的实习缺乏必要的心理准备，尽管担心的内容不同，但均以主观因素为主。在实习前进行心理教育、技术练兵、联谊会及座谈会有助于护生改善对实习的恐惧感，使她们能尽快适应环境，圆满完成实习任务。

The Mental Situations of Nursing Students before Clinical Practice and the Countermeasures

Objective To understand the mental situations of nursing students before clinical practice, analyze the factors influencing the situations and explore the countermeasures. Methods A survey by questionnaire was conductedamong 122 nursing students from a vocational school, the contents covering their preparation for clinical practice, the issues they worried about most before clinical practice and things the nursing students hoped the college to do. The questionnaires were collected on the spot and the results were analyzed statistically. Results Only 32.8% of the students properly prepared for clinical practice in technique and in thinking. The first 6 major issues were： worry about inability to accustom themselves to the environment of hospitals, worry about possible inadequate techniques, worry about difficulty in communicating with patients, worry about difficulties in communication with doctors, worry about possible mistakes during practice and worry poor conditions of the hospital. They all hope the colleges would take some measures to improve the current conditions, the first 5 including pertinent skill training, pertineni mental instructions, performance of lectures concerning nursing safety, inviting experienced nurses to introduce their experience and making lectures on communicative techniques. Conclusion Most of the nursing students lack mental preparations and most of the worries were subjective. Mental education, technique competition and other group meeting help to alleviate their sense of fear so that they can accustom themselves into the new environment and complete the clinical practice tasks.