虎门农村高龄老人10年健康状况及护理需求变化趋势

目的纵向研究90岁以上高龄老人1996-2006年间的健康状况和护理需求变化趋势。方法1996年11月起,调查66例90岁以上的高龄老人的健康自评、ADL、居住方式、护理需求状况,并分别于2001年11月、2006年3月2次追踪调查。结果(1)进入百岁的高龄老人为19名,总失访率为71%(47/66)(。2)健康状况自评为“很好”的由1996年的30%下降到0,评价为“很差”者由5%上升到21%,评价为“一般”者由42%上升到58%。(3)ADL:1996年完全自理者为85%,10年后下降为21%,不能自理者增至47%,部分自理增至32%。(4)希望家庭访视和电话咨询分别由1996年的23%、32%变为2006年的95%、26%,对康复指导和上门护理的需求由1996年的11%和0分别上升到2006年的68%、79%。(5)心理需求:由0上升到58%。(6)10年间主要影响高龄老人身体健康的慢性疾病为高血压、冠心病、骨及关节疾病、重度营养不良、慢性支气管炎、脑血管疾病、恶性肿瘤。结论健康受损、ADL减退,严重影响了高龄老人的生存质量,导致各方面的需求增加。护理人员应深入社区和家庭,及时掌握高龄老人的健康和护理需求的动态变化,提供有效的护理服务,以指导居家养老。

Health Condition of the Elderly in Humen Countryside for the Past 10 Years and the Change of Need for Nursing

Objective To study the health condition of the elderly over 90 in Humen countryside from 1996 to 2006 and the change of their need for nursing.Methods From Nov.1996,the self-evaluation of health,ADL,ways of habitation and nursing need of 66 patients over 90 were investigated,and they were followed up on Nov.2001 and Mar.2006 again.Results(1)19 elderly patients went over 100 years and the rate of lost visiting was 71%(47 of 66);(2)The rate of "excellent" in self-evaluation of health dropped from 30% to 0,the rate of "poor" was raised from 5% to 21%,and the rate of "medium" was raised from 42% to 58%.(3) The rate of patients with self-maintenance was 85% in 1996 and it was 21% in 2006;the rate of patients without self-maintenance increased to 47% and the rate of patients with partial self-maintenance was 32%.(4)Home visit and telephone consultation changed from 23% and 32% in 1996 to 95% and 26% in 2006.And need for home visit and recovery guidance increased from 0 and 11% in 1996 to 79% and 68% in 2006.(5)Psychological need increased from 0 to 58%.(6)The main chronic diseases affecting the elderly patient's health were high blood pressure,coronary heart disease,osteological diseases and arthritis,serious malnutrition;chronic bronchitis,cerebrovascular diseases and malignancy.Conclusion Damage of health and decrease of ADL affected quality of life of elderly patients seriously and caused the increase of various need.Nursing personnel should get more involved into the community and families,understand health condition of elderly patients and their change of need for nursing and supply effective nursing service in order to help them to live a healthy old life.