空巢老人生活质量与心理状况的相关性

目的探讨空巢老人生活质量与心理状况是否存在差异以及相关影响因素。方法采用生活质量量表(QOL)、90项症状自评量表(SCL),随机抽取滨州市某三甲医院内科老年住院患者100名、滨城区敬老院老年人100名及社区200名老年人,共计400名老年人进行调查研究。结果不同生活环境的老年人生活质量和心理状态存在差异(P<0.05)。敬老院老人心理状况以抑郁最严重,重度抑郁者占17.6%;其次是人际关系敏感,重度人际关系敏感者占5.9%。社区老人主要受人际关系敏感的影响,敏感较重者占7.7%。焦虑是影响住院老年患者心理状况的主要因素,轻度焦虑者占68.5%,中重度者占31.5%;影响空巢老人生活质量的因素有经济状况、婚姻和健康状况、子女关系和人际交往能力。结论老年人的生活质量和心理状况存在相关性。教育老年人自我宽慰和调适,寻找精神寄托;同时呼吁社会和政府采取有效的措施,提高空巢老人的生活质量和改善心理状况。

Study on Quality of Life and Psychological Status of Empty Nest Elderly

Objective To study the difference in quality of life and psychological status of empty nest elderly and their influencing factors.Methods We investigated 400 empty nest elderly in two resi- dent districts(n=200),one hospital(n=100)and one geracomium(n=100)in Binzhou city. The quality of life(QOL)scales,SCL-90 scales and PASS scales were used.Results Difference was found in the quality of life and psychological status of empty nest elderly with different living con- ditions(P<0.05).Worst depression status was noticed in the elderly living in the geracomium,with 17.6% of the subjects having severe depression;sensitive interpersonal relation ranked second in the elderly living in the geracomium,with 5.9% of them having severe sensitive interpersonal re- lations.The elderly living in the community were severely influenced by interpersonal relation- ship,with 7.7% of them had very severe influence.Anxiety was the major factor in the hospitalized elderly patients and 68.5% of them had light anxiety,31.5% had moderate or severe anxiety. The factors influencing the life quality of empty nest elderly included economic status,marital sta- tus,health status,children-parents support and social communication.Conclusion The quality of life and psychological status of elder people are related to each other.Education should be given to the elderly to improve the quality of life and psychological status.