老年患者发生褥疮的危险因素及预防

褥疮是临床老年患者尤其是长期卧床者的顽固并发症之一。作者综述了老年患者的皮肤特点及发生褥疮 的危险因素,包括：运动能力减弱、感觉功能障碍、血液循环不良、营养不良以及皮肤环境等因素。通过正确地评估提出针对性的预防措施：缓解局部压力，减少磨擦力和剪力，避免潮湿，增加营养。

Pressure Ulcers in Aged Patients: Risk Factors and Prevention

Abstract:Pressure ulcer is an obstinate complication which has been afflicting hospitalized aged pa-tients, particularly those bedridden or seated ones. This article reviews cutaneous physiologicalcharacteristics of the elderly and risk factors for pressure ulcer development. Risk factors includelong-term immobility, malfunction of sensory perception, inadequate distal circulation, poor nutri-tion,and bad condition of topical skin. On the basis of study of risk factors,some preventive meas-ures, which include nursing education, multidisciplinary cooperation, pressure relief, reduction offriction and shearing force,avoidance of moistures,and nutritional support, have been brought for-ward.