青年人和老年人不同联想强度词汇语义启动效应研究

目的：考察青年人和老年人对不同联想强度词汇对语义启动效应的特征。方法：采用联想词汇库中高、中、低及无联想强度的刺激-联想词汇对作为语义启动的材料，通过检测反应时和准确率，观察青年人（n=20）和老年人（n=20）在视觉呈现条件下的语义启动效应。结果：两组人群反应时在高、中联想强度词汇对较无联想强度词汇对明显缩短（P<0.05）；同等联想强度词汇对条件下，老年人反应时比青年人明显延长（P<0.01）。结论：汉语联想词汇库中的高、中联想强度词汇对具有显著的语义启动效应，年龄是语义启动效应的重要影响因素，提示言语治疗时应该根据不同年龄选择相应联想强度的训练词汇。

Study on semantic priming effects of Chinese word-pairs with different association strength for young and old adults

Objective: To explore the characteristics of semantic priming effects of Chinese word-pairs with different association strength between young and old adults. Method: Stimulus-response words with different(including strong, moderate, weak) association strength, and no association categories were chosen from word association thesaurus as experiment materials. Both young (n=20) and old (n=20) adults were requested to finish a visual lexical decision task for target words. Semantic priming effects were investigated by means of measuring reaction time (RT) and accurate rate of each word-pair. Result: In young and old adults, the mean RTs in strong and moderate association strength groups were significantly shorter than that in no association strength group (P<0.05). In the same association strength groups, the mean RTs in old adults were significantly longer than that in young adults (P<0.01). Conclusion: The word-pairs with strong and moderate association strength posses significant semantic priming effects. The age of observed subject is an important effective factor on semantic priming effects. The results suggest that speech therapy require choosing vocabularies with associated strength in the light of different ages as training materials.