氯胺酮对SD大鼠后代学习记忆功能影响的实验研究

目的研究孕期大鼠接受氯胺酮全身麻醉对其后代学习记忆功能的影响。方法将30只怀孕SD大鼠随机均分成氯胺酮组和对照组，每组15只。氯胺酮组怀孕SD大鼠经尾静脉持续输注氯胺酮麻醉2h，对照组则给予等体积的生理盐水。于出生后20d和30d用Morris水迷宫测试各大组所产子鼠的学习记忆功能，用透射电子显微镜观察两组子鼠海马组织超微结构。结果出生后20d和30d氯胺酮组子鼠逃避潜伏期较对照组长，出生后30d氯胺酮组子鼠第2次水迷宫试验所测得的逃避潜伏期明显较对照组长，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），氯胺酮组子鼠海马组织神经元超微结构出现明显异常。结论母体孕期接受氯胺酮全身麻醉对SD大鼠后代学习记忆功能有损害作用，其机制与氯胺酮可引起后代海马区神经元损害有关。

Experimental Study on the Effect of Ketamine on Learning and Memory Function of Sprague-Dawley Rat's Offspring

Objective To study the effects of general anesthesia with ketamine during pregnancy on the learning and memory function of Sprague-Dawley rat offspring. Methods Thirty pregnant Sprague-Dawley（SD） rats were randomly divided into ketamine group and control group, with fifteen rats in each group. Ketamine was injected through tail vein for 2 hours in the rats in ketmine group,and the rats in control group received the same volume of physiological saline solution only. The learning and memory functions of the offspring rats were tested by Morris water maze test at postnatal days 20 and 30, respectively. The morphological changes of offspring rat hippocampus tissue were analyzed under electrical microscope. Results The escape latency of the offspring rats in ketamine group was longer than that in the control group at postnatal days 20 and 30 ,and the escape latency in the second Morris water maze test was significantly longer in comparison with the control group at postnatal days 30 （P〈0.05）. The hippocampal neurons of the offspring rats in ketmine group were markedly damaged. Conclusion General anesthesia with ketamine during gestationperiod could cause learning and memory functional injury in the offspring rats through a mechanism involving ketamine-induced damage in offspring rat hippocampal neurons.