药物流产对再次妊娠影响的系统评价

目的 随着未育妇女采用药物流产终止非计划妊娠的人数增加，药物流产的远期安全性受到广泛重视。本将评价药物流产对妇女再次妊娠孕期和分娩期的母儿影响。方法用Cochrane协作网系统评价方法收集全世界有关药物流产对再次妊娠妇女的孕期和分娩期母儿影响的随机对照试验，临床对照试验(RCT／CCT)及前瞻性的队列研究，两个研究独立进行献质量评价及证据合成。Meta-分析用Revman4．1软件。结果 共纳入8篇前瞻性队列研究，2934例。与手术流产后再次妊娠比较，除药物流产后再次妊娠的先兆流产(OR0．42，95％CI0．22～0．83)，产后出血(OR0．58，95％CI0．39～0．85)和胎盘异常(OR0．68，95％CI．54～0．87)的发生率较低外，其他高危妊娠发生率差异无统计学意义。药物流产后再次妊娠比初孕妇的先兆流产、妊娠期胎盘异常、早产以及产后出血的发生率高，但无统计学意义。结论 任何方式的人工流产对再次妊娠可能有一定影响，故应尽可能避免不必要的人工流产。药物流产可能优于手术流产，可以作为终止非意愿妊娠的首选。纳入献均是二级设计方案，且没有提到是否严格控制了其他引起高危妊娠的混杂因素，故论证强度相对低，需要设计高质量、大样本的随机对照试验进一步证实。

Systematic review of the effects of medical abortion on subsequent pregnancy

Objective More and more women without child and female adolescents are undergoing medical abortion (MA), MA effect on subsequent pregnancy has been brought into focus. This research will evaluate the effect of MA on subsequent pregnancy. Methods To searched Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Chinese Biomed-database, correlative websites and nine Chinese medical journals. The studies that were included in the reference list were additionally searched. Only RCT s (randomized control trials), CCTs (clinical control trials) and prospective cohort studies were included. Two researchers evaluated the quality of the literature and combined the evidence independently. Revman 4.1 was used for meta-analysis. Results Eight prospective cohort studies with 2,934 cases were included. The incidences of miscarriage, postpartum hemorrhage and placental abnormality occurred in MA group were significantly lower than those occurred in SA group, and their OR (with 95%CI) were 0.42 (CI 0.22 to 0.83), 0.58 (0.39 to 0.85) and 0.68 (0.54 to 0.87), respectively. No other significant differences were observed between the two artificial abortions groups. Though the tendency indicates that medical abortion has a probable influence on subsequent pregnancy, there was no significant difference about subsequent pregnancy between MA and first pregnancy. Conclusion Unnecessary abortion should be avoided. MA is safer than SA on subsequent pregnancy, so MA is the preferred option for women without child and female adolescent to terminate their unwilling pregnancy. However, as all the studies included were prospective cohort studies, further high-quality RCTs should be conducted.