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Therapeutic potential of phenylethanoid glycosides: A systematic review |
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| Authors: | Lipeng Wu Milen I Georgiev Hui Cao Lutfun Nahar Hesham R El-Seedi Satyajit D Sarker Jianbo Xiao Baiyi Lu |
| Institution: | 1. College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China;2. Laboratory of Metabolomics, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Plovdiv, Bulgaria Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria;3. Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, SKL of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China;4. School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre for Natural Products Discovery (CNPD), Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK;5. Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacognosy Group, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China;6. College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China |
| Abstract: | Phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs) are generally water-soluble phenolic compounds that occur in many medicinal plants. Until June 2020, more than 572 PhGs have been isolated and identified. PhGs possess antibacterial, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antiobesity, antioxidant, antiviral, and neuroprotective properties. Despite these promising benefits, PhGs have failed to fulfill their therapeutic applications due to their poor bioavailability. The attempts to understand their metabolic pathways to improve their bioavailability are investigated. In this review article, we will first summarize the number of PhGs compounds which is not accurate in the literature. The latest information on the biological activities, structure–activity relationships, mechanisms, and especially the clinical applications of PhGs will be reviewed. The bioavailability of PhGs will be summarized and factors leading to the low bioavailability will be analyzed. Recent advances in methods such as bioenhancers and nanotechnology to improve the bioavailability of PhGs are also summarized. The existing scientific gaps of PhGs in knowledge are also discussed, highlighting research directions in the future. |
| Keywords: | bioavailability echinacoside phenylethanoid glycosides salidroside verbascoside |