淮南地区急性脑血管病患者的危险因素分析

目的]探讨脑血管病的流行病学特征以及各种危险因素对不同类型卒中的影响,观察淮南地区人群脑血管病的发病特点.方法]连续收集从2008年6月至2010年4月首次发病入院且资料完整的急性脑血管病患者773例,其中缺血性684例,出血性89例.分析卒中患者的发病年龄、分型特点及危险因素等.结果]淮南地区773例首发卒中患者的平均发病年龄为(64.96±11.86)岁,其中出血性卒中组平均年龄显著低于缺血性卒中组(P＜0.001),男性卒中患者的平均发病年龄显著低于女性卒中患者(P＜0.01).缺血性卒中发病高峰年龄为60～79岁,出血性卒中发病高峰年龄为45～64岁,两者有显著性差异(p＜0.001).高血压是出血性和缺血性卒中的首要危险因素,其次为吸烟、饮酒、心脏病和糖尿病史.入院首次血压(收缩压和舒张压),出血性卒中组均显著高于缺血性卒中组(P ＜0.001).高血压史、吸烟史、饮酒史在出血性卒中组出现的频率均高于缺血性卒中组(P＜0.01、P＜0.05、P＜0.01).出血性卒中组血清高密度脂蛋白显著高于缺血性卒中(P＜0.001).本组患者就诊距发病时间＜24 h者出血性卒中约占75.0％～82.4％,缺血性卒中占48.8％～ 57.3％.结论]淮南地区出血性卒中发病高峰年龄明显小于缺血性卒中,与国内多数报道一致；高血压是导致各类卒中的重要危险因素；血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇增高、吸烟、饮酒与出血性卒中密切相关.

Analysis of risk factors associated with acute cerebrovascular diseases in Huainan area

Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics of two types of stroke in Huainan and study the pathogeny,clinical characteristics,and the difference on risk factors between hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke.Methods Stroke patient data from a total of 773 patients with first-ever stroke and complete cases in hospital between June,2008 and April,2010,consisting of 684 patients with ischemic stroke,and 89 patients with hemorrhagic stroke were continuously collected.Then the age,classification characteristics,risk factors of stroke were analyzed.Results The mean age of 773 patients with first-ever stroke was(64.96±11.86)years.Patients with ischemic stroke were significantly older than those with hemorrhagic stroke(P<0.001).Women who had suffered stroke were significantly older than men(P<0.01).The study showed a high ischemic stroke incidence for patients aged 60-79 years and a high hemorrhagic stroke incidence for patients aged 45-64 years(P<0.001).Hypertension was the primary risk factor for ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke,followed by smoking,alcohol consumption,heart disease and diabetes.Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients with hemorrhagic stroke were significantly higher than those with ischemic stroke(P<0.001).The freguencies of hypertention,smoking,alcohol consumption were higher in the patients with hemorrhagic stroke than those with ischemic stroke(P<0.01,P<0.05,P<0.01).The level of HDL cholesterol was significantly higher in patients with hemorrhagic stroke than those with ischemic stroke(P<0.001).75.0%-82.4% of patients with hemorrhagic stroke and 48.8%-57.3% of patients with ischemic stroke were admitted within 24 hours after stroke onset.Conclusions The mean age of ischemic stroke is older than that of hemorrhagic stroke in Huainan,which is similar to previous reports observed in our country.Hypertension is the most important risk factor for all stroke.High level of HDL cholesterol,smoking,and alcohol consumption are probably associated with hemorrhagic stroke.