脑微小海绵状血管瘤的临床及影像学特征

目的]探讨脑微小海绵状血管瘤的临床及影像学特征.方法]回顾性分析3例脑微小海绵状血管瘤的临床特点及颅脑CT/MR结果.结果]3例患者的主要症状有偏瘫、智能障碍、头痛、头晕.病变多发,数个至数十个,大小约2～4 mm,分布于丘脑、基底节、脑干、小脑和皮层下.颅脑CT上可见部分钙化灶.MRI检查SE序列T1呈低、等信号,T2呈低信号或高低混杂信号周围环绕低信号,部分病灶轻度强化.梯度回波序列(GRE)呈明显低信号,部分为中央高信号周围环绕低信号.GRE能发现SE序列不能发现的微小血管瘤.MRA未见异常.结论]脑微小海绵状血管瘤临床表现无特异性,GRE是识别脑微小海绵状血管瘤的敏感方法.

Clinical and Imaging Features of Cerebral Microcavernous Angioma

Objective]To investigate the clinical symptoms and imaging features of cerebral microcavernous angioma. Methods] Head CT/MRI results and clinical features of 3 cases with cerebral microcavernous angioma were analyzed retrospectively. Results] The main clinical manifestations of 3 patients were hemiparalysis, disturbance of intelligence, headache and dizzy, Multiple lesions with diameter from 2 to 4 mm were distributed in cerebral ganglion, basal ganglia, brain stem, cerebellum subcortex. Calcified lesions were found on head CT. On SE T1WI by MRI, lesions appeared as hyper-intensive. On SE T2WI, lesions appeared as hypo-intensive or mixed signal intensity with a peripheral rim of decreased signal intensity. Some lesions showed slightly enhancement. On MRI gradient-echo sequences, lesions appeared as obviously hypo-intensive and some with cores of hyper-intensive. MRI gradient-echo sequences could find many microcavernous angioma that could not be found in other sequences. MRA showed no abnormal. Conclusion] No characterized clinical feature could be found in cerebral microcavernous angioma. Magnetic resonance gradient-echo sequences should be considered the sensitive method for the diagnosis of cerebral microcavernous angioma.