2007-2009年贵州省黔东南州疑似流行性乙型脑炎病例血清抗体检测结果分析

目的对流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)疑似病例进行特异性抗体检测,为乙脑诊断和防治提供科学依据。方法用ELISA法检测乙脑疑似病例急性期血清乙脑IgM抗体及双份血清乙脑IgG抗体,并对确诊病例进行流行病学分析。结果 2007-2009年共检测黔东南州174例乙脑疑似病例血清,乙脑抗体阳性88例,阳性率为50.57%。73.86%的病例主要分布于从江、凯里、黄平、施秉、榕江5县(市)。6-8月为发病高峰。男性发病率和检测阳性率均高于女性(χ2=9.83,P0.01;χ2=4.80,P0.05)。95.45%的病例是10岁儿童。2008-2009年采集的98例血清标本中,从发病到采样时间为8～14d的阳性率最高(75.00%),其次是4～7d(67.74%)。结论黔东南州广泛存在乙脑流行,应加强防治。采用IgM抗体和双份血清IgG抗体检测对乙脑病例确诊和疫情判定有重要意义。

Detection of serum antibodies to Japanese encephalitis among suspected cases in Qiandongnan prefecture of Guizhou,2007-2009

Objective To understand serum antibody level to Japanese encephalitis （JE） among suspected cases,provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of JE. Methods The detection of IgM antibody in serum samples at acute phase and IgG antibody in double serum samples collected from suspected cases in Qiandongnan prefecture from 2007 to 2009 were conducted by ELISA,and epidemiological analysis of confirmed cases were made. Results A total of 174 serum samples were detected,88 cases were positive for JE antibodies,the positive rate was 50.57%. Up to 73.86% of the cases were distributed in Congjiang,Kaili,Huangping,Shibing,and Rongjiang counties. Most cases occurred during June-August. The JE incidence and positive rate in males were higher than in females（χ2=9.83,P〈0.01）（χ2=4.80,P〈0.05）,and 73.86% of the cases were the children under 15 years old. Of 98 serum samples collected from 2008 to 2009,the positive rate was highest among the samples collected within 8-14 days after onset（75.00%）,followed by the samples collected within 4-7 days （67.74%）. Conclusion It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of JE in Qiandongnan by improving immunization quality and conducting IgM and IgG detection to identify JE cases and epidemic.