2008-2012年北京市昌平区手足口病时空聚集性分析

目的分析2008-2012年北京市昌平区手足口病流行特征,为防控工作提供依据。方法从"疾病监测信息报告管理系统"中获取以乡镇为单位的昌平区2008-2012年手足口病疫情资料,使用SaTScan 9.0软件进行乡镇为空间单位、月为时间单位的时空扫描分析,利用ArcGIS 9.1软件建立数据库并展示病例时空聚集区域。结果 2008-2012年昌平区累计报告手足口病18 227例,年均发病率为324.91/10万。发病的季节性明显,高峰出现于每年4-6月。0~5岁儿童占病例总数的92.93%,散居儿童占多数。全区各乡镇均有手足口病流行,高发乡镇集中于南部。时空扫描分析探测到时间维度为5-8月,空间维度覆盖7个乡镇的一级聚集区(平均RR=1.83,P0.001),此聚集区在4年中位置相对固定。结论北京市昌平区手足口病发病存在明显季节差异和高发区域。高发聚集区位于昌平区南部,具有城乡结合部特征。高发聚集区的手足口病防控工作尚待加强。

Temporal-spatial clustering of hand foot and mouth disease cases in Changping district,Beijing,2008- 2012

Objective To understand the epidimiological characteristics of hand foot and mouth disease（ HFMD） in Changping district,Beijing during 2008- 2012 and provide evidence for HFMD prevention and control. Methods The incidence data of HFMD in Changping during this period were collected from national disease reporting information system. Retrospective spatial-temporal analysis of HFMD incidence by township and month was conducted with software SaTScan 9. 0 and software ArcGIS 9. 1 respectively. Results A total of 18 227 HFMD cases were reported in Changping during 2008- 2012 with an annual incidence of 324. 91 /lakh. HFMD showed obvious seasonality and the incidence peak was during April-June of a year. The cases in children aged ≥5 years accounted for 92. 93% of the total,and most affected children were those outside child care settings. HFMD occurred in all townships in Changping,but mainly in southern townships. Class 1 clustering occurred in 7 townships during May-August in 4 years during study period indicated by spatial-temporal scan statistic analysis（ RR = 1. 83,P 〈0. 001）. Conclusion HFMD had obvious seasonality and obvious place distribution in Changping during 2008- 2012. The high incidence areas were in southern part of rural-urban fringe zone. Preventive and control strategies for HFMD should be improved in these areas.