北京市中学生道路交通伤害的流行病学调查

目的 了解北京市中学生道路交通伤害的特点,为预防和控制青少年道路交通伤害提供参考依据.方法 采用典型的方法,分别确定具有城区、近郊区和远县特征的区县各1个.然后确定每个区县的2所初中和2所高中作为被调查学校.最后,采用整群抽样的方法,对每个被调查初中学校的初一、初二年级和高中学校的高一、高二年级各两个班的所有学生进行调查.结果 北京市中学生过去1年内发生道路交通事故的比例达14.0%,其中男生交通事故发生率为16.5%,女生为11.5%,男女生发病率差异有统计学意义(x2=59.808,P＜0.01),初中学生高于高中学生.交通事故发生率有明显的中心城区倾向(x2=158.282,P＜0.01).各种交通方式中以骑自行车发生交通事故的比例最高,为1913%.2004年中学生因道路交通伤害受伤的比例为37.0%,男女生之间、各种交通方式之间差异无统计学意义,但年级越高、距离中心城区越远发生道路交通伤害的比例越大.结论 道路交通事故和道路交通伤害已经成为影响北京市中学生健康和安全的重要问题,必须采取积极的措施,预防和降低青少年道路交通事故和交通伤害的发生.

Epidemiological investigation on road traffic injuries of middle school students in Beijing

Objective The present study was designed to gain insight into the characteristics of road traffic injuries of middle school students for further prevention and control of road traffic injuries among young people. Methods Three regions that represented the characteristics of city, inner suburb and outer county areas respectively were chosen, while two high schools and two junior high schools were selected in each region for investigation. Finally, two classes of students at the first and second year in the junior high schools and two classes of students at the first and second year in the high schools were investigated by using cluster sampling. Results The proportion of road traffic accidents of middle school students in Beijing that occurred over the past year reached 14.0%. Boys' accidental incidence reached 16.5% and girls' 11.5%. There was significant difference( 2=59.808, P<0.01) between the incidence of boys and girls. The incidence of middle school students was high than school students. The accidents had shown an obvious city-center inclination( 2=158.282, P<0.01). Bicycle accidents accounted for the highest percentage among all the accidents, reaching 19.3%. Over the past year, the proportion of injuries of middle school students that were caused by road traffic accidents was 37.0%, with no significant difference between girls and boys and transporting methods. However, the higher the grade and farther from the city center, the larger the proportion of road traffic injuries occur. Conclusion Road traffic accidents and road traffic injuries have become a major problem affecting the health and safety of middle school students in Beijing. Positive measures are highly required for prevention and to reduce the incidence of youth road traffic accidents and traffic injuries.