活性炭对急性毒鼠强中毒家兔的疗效研究

目的探讨口服活性炭对急性毒鼠强中毒家兔的治疗作用。方法将33只家兔随机分为6组：A组，低剂量染毒未治疗；B组，低剂量染毒早期治疗；C组，低剂量染毒延迟治疗；D组，致死剂量染毒未治疗；E组，致死剂量染毒治疗；F组，二甲基亚砜。每组家兔给予相应处理后定时采集血液和粪便，使用气相色谱一氮磷检测器法测定血浆毒鼠强浓度和粪便毒鼠强含量，并进行毒鼠强代谢动力学分析，同时观察家兔中毒表现。结果A组、B组、C组3组间毒鼠强血浆浓度和所有代谢动力学参数都有显著性差异，其中B、C两组的排泄半衰期(Tke1/2)仅相当于A组的一半，其清除率则分别较A组提高了3倍和2倍以上，曲线下面积(AUC)却分别只有A组的29．8％和45．9％；B、C两组在染毒后最初3d收集的粪便中毒鼠强含量明显高于A组。在致死剂量染毒组中，D组的死亡、肢体瘫痪、惊厥发生率均明显高于E组。结论口服活性炭可以明显减少毒鼠强在家兔体内的吸收，加快毒鼠强从家兔体内排出，从而减轻中毒症状，降低死亡率。

Effect of activated charcoal on acute tetramethylene disulphotetramine poisoning in rabbits

Objective To study the effect of activated charcoal by oral administration on acute tetramethylene disulphotetramine (tetramine) poisoning in rabbits.Methods 33 rabbits were randomly divided into 6 groups:group A,low dose infection withont treatment;group B,low dose infection with early treatment;group C,low dose with delayed treatment;group D,lethal dose infection without treatment;group E,lethal dose with treatment;group F,dimethyl sulfoxide group.The blood and stool in rabbits were collected at different time points after relevant management.The concentrations of tetramine in plasma and in stool were determined by GC/NPD,the analysis of toxicokinetics was carried out,and the symptoms of poisoning in rabbits were recorded.Results The concentration of tetramine in plasma and all parameters of toxicokinetics were significantly different among three groups with low dose infection.Compared with group A,T ke1/2 in group B and group C were reduced by 50%,but clearance rate was increased 3-fold and 2-fold,respectively,and area under the curve(AUC) were reduced by 71.2% and 54.1%,respectively.In the first 3 days,the concentration of tetramine in stool in group B and group C were obviously higher than in group A.The mortality,quadriplegia and convulsion in group D were obviously higher than in group E.Conclusion Oral administration of activated charcoal can reduce the absorption of tetramine in rabbits and increase the excretion of tetramine.Thus symptoms of poisoning are lessened,and the mortality is reduced.