血液透析导管材料选择及感染的防治

背景：能够抑制生物被膜形成的高分子血液透析导管材料对预防高分子导管相关感染具有重要意义。目的：综述血液透析导管材料的选择及其引发感染的相关因素及防治。方法：应用计算机检索CNKI、PubMed数据库2005/2011与血液透析导管材料及其引发感染的防治相关的文献。结果与结论：良好的血管通路是保证血液透析顺利进行和透析充分的首要条件,由导管引发的感染也十分常见,其中导管材料选择、操作是否无菌、感染原因、部位、感染后处理是关键因素,直接影响到是否可以深静脉留置导管成功且能否稳定可靠。目前倾向首选硅胶类或聚氨基甲酸乙酯导管,高分子材料透析导管中带涤纶套永久性双腔血液透析导管长期留置具有不影响血流动力学、不需要反复进行皮肤穿刺、良好的抗感染性能、留置取出简单等优点,是老年透析、严重心血管疾患及肾移植过渡期患者的最佳选择。

Hemodialysis catheter choice and infection control

BACKGROUND： Polymer hemodialysis catheter that can inhibit biofilm formation is important for related infection control. OBJECTIVE： To review the selection of hemodialysis catheter materials as well as related factors inducing infection and infection control. METHODS： A computer search of CNKI and PubMed （2005/2011） were performed for articles about hemodialysis catheter materials and related infection control. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： Good vascular access is to guarantee the smooth blood dialysis and dialysis full primary condition caused by catheter infections that are very common, including selection of materials, the operation is catheter sterile, infection causes, locations, infection post-processing is the key factor, whether can directly affect the deep vein indwelling catheter is stable and reliable, and the success and can smoothly for blood dialysis reviewed the guarantee, the incidence of catheter related infections cause, prevention and treatment of the latest progress.