气道压力释放通气和持续气道正压开放肺的比较

目的探讨气道压力释放通气（APRV）与持续气道正压（CPAP）通气两种通气模式实施肺复张策略治疗急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）对血流动力学、肺力学和氧代谢指标的影响。方法选择ARDS行机械通气及脉搏轮廓法持续血流动力学监测的患者15例，随机实施APRV模式肺复张或CPAP模式肺复张，每隔4h复张1次。其中APRV组设定高水平压力（Phigh）为35cm H2O（1cm H2O=0．098kPa），低水平压力（Plow）为压力-容积（P—V）曲线的下拐点（LIP）；CPAP组设定CPAP为35cm H2O；两组持续时间均为40s。记录复张前后的肺力学、氧代谢指标以及复张时的血流动力学变化。结果在APRV模式下行肺复张时心脏指数（CI）轻度下降，且持续时间较短。两种复张模式均可使肺顺应性等力学参数及氧合明显改善，以APRV模式尤为明显。结论采用APRV模式进行ARDS肺复张治疗可避免镇静剂的使用，对血流动力学干扰较小，对肺力学及氧合的改善优于CPAP模式。

Clinical comparative study of airway pressure release ventilation and continuous positive airway pressure ventilation

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on hemodynamics, lung mechanics and oxygen metabolism index. METHODS: Fifteen ARDS cases ventilated and monitored by the pulse contour method (PiCCO) were randomized into APRV group and CPAP group, then lung recruitment maneuver (RM) was executed every 4 hours. In APRV group, Phigh was 35 cm H(2)O (1 cm H(2)O=0.098 kPa) and Plow was set at lower inflection point (LIP) of the static pressure-volume (P-V) curve. In CPAP group, CPAP was also 35 cm H(2)O. The duration of RM in both groups was 40 seconds. Before and after RM the parameters of lung mechanics, oxygen metabolism index and hemodynamics were monitored and compared. RESULTS: (1) In APRV group cardiac index (CI) was decreased slightly during RM with shorter duration than CPAP group. (2) The parameters of lung mechanics and oxygenation were improved significantly in both groups, and they were better in APRV group than CPAP group. CONCLUSION: In APRV group sedation can be abstained during RM, and the hemodynamics were hardly disturbed. Improvement of lung mechanics and oxygenation is much better with APRV than CPAP mode.